George Orwell s Down And Out Of Paris And London Essay

Poverty in 20 century is further discussed and analyzed. People rarely consider that the poverty is caused by economic inequality; income not divided evenly, and class structure in the USA becoming like a fat jar with small base. With the growing concern of poverty, people begin to think whether American Dream still exists in this country. However, the poverty phenomena is gradually being changed. In contrast to modern society, the working poor nowadays have better condition than the situation that described in the book of Down and Out of Paris and London. During the Orwell’s period, he described the dehumanized working circumstances as a plongeurs. Although poverty in 20st century remains, the situations that the working poor face actually become much better compared with 1930’s Paris. That is, comparing to the old days, in contemporary society, the working poor get helps from government, and are empowered by both the government and themselves, and receive the helps f rom philanthropic organizations. Comparing with Orwell’s period and contemporary, the working poor are no longer with no right and exploited by capital since the government gets involved to protect their right. In reading of â€Å"Down and Out in Paris and London,† Orwell narrates the working situation of working poor: â€Å"the cook’s working hours were from eight in the morning till midnight, and mine from seven in the morning till half-past twelve the next morning-seventeen and a half hours, almost without aShow MoreRelated Down and Out in Paris and London by George Orwell Essay example919 Words   |  4 PagesDown and Out in Paris and London by George Orwell The story of Down And Out In Paris And London deals with the authors experience with tramps and the poverty stricken in Paris and London in the 1920s. He lives with them on equal terms and suffers the same hardships and tribulations. Orwell shows great compassion for the plight of the poor and feels that society is very unfair in their criticism and judgment of the tramps and beggars that roam the streets. He feels that these peopleRead More Biography George Orwell Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagesopinions like George Orwell. Orwell got to express his opinions in his writings. He wrote about the sociopolitical conditions of his time. For a man whose career started as a dishwasher, he came a long way to be known as the great author he is known as today. In this paper George Orwells early life, his variety of jobs before becoming a writer, his many successes and failures and some of his best known novels and critiques of them, and his sad death will all be discussed. George Orwell was born inRead MoreThe Literary Impact Of George Orwell . George Orwell, Born1375 Words   |  6 Pages The Literary Impact of George Orwell George Orwell, born as Eric Arthur Blair, was a British journalist and author. His works were compelling, especially, when it comes to his strong political beliefs. He is considered one of the most widely admired English-language essayists of the twentieth century. As Elkins points out, he is best known for the two novels that were written toward the end of his life: the anti-utopian political allegory Animal Farm and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-FourRead MoreCritical Analysis and Evaluation of 1984, by George Orwell.1487 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell 1984 The New American Library Copyright 1961 George Orwell George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Blair, was born in Bengal, India, in 1903. When he was eight years old, as it was customary, his mother brought him back to England to be educated. He was sent to a boarding school on the south coast, a school whose students were sons of the upper class. He was allowed in with lower tuition and not being from a wealthy background, he was subject to snobbery of the others at the schoolRead MoreReview Of George Orwell s The Road 1923 Words   |  8 PagesReview on George Orwell – The Road to Wigan Pier Course – BA Hons (With foundation) Community studies. Health, youth, and community Module – Reading Modern Society Tutor – Wendy Bateman Student ID – 1608296 Submission Date – Tuesday 6th December 2016 Describe and illustrate an informed opinion based on research and analysis of evidence Analyse information, experiences, and article reasoned arguments through reflection, review and evaluation. Demonstrate an introductoryRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Down And Out Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pageshours also affect their health both mentally and physically. George Orwell, the author of the novel, Down and Out in Paris and London, describes how homelessness and poor working conditions can affect an individual by starving for a long period of time, having no shelter, and working in harsh environment. Orwell illustrates a journey about a person who lives in poverty in both contemporary countries, Paris and London in the 1930s. Where in Paris, he graphically describes the poor working experiences asRead MoreThe Presentation of Poverty and Deprivation in Down and Out in Paris and London and the Plays Strife and The Silver Box2123 Words   |  9 Pages The Presentation of Poverty and Deprivation in Down and Out in Paris and London and the Plays Strife and The Silver Box In Down and Out in Paris and London Orwell describes and discusses poverty as he saw and experienced it. Orwell describes that poverty is not the way people expect it to be. People, who have never personally experienced poverty, believe that it must be terrible, Orwell tells us that it is not, he says that it is squalid and boring. He also Read MoreGeorge Orwell s Plea For Understanding2384 Words   |  10 PagesKervick 10 Orwell?s Plea for Understanding George Orwell has gone done in history as one of the greatest novelists of the Twentieth Century. His works Animal Farm and 1984 have been acclaimed masterpieces of social commentary. While his less known work ?Shooting an Elephant? is perceived as imperial criticism, it is actually much more. It constitutes his public declaration of why he chose to leave his job, live for years with the poorest of the poor and flip his political views upside down. Born EricRead MoreSatire Of The Soviet Union1356 Words   |  6 PagesOrwell’s Animal Farm: Satire of the Soviet Union The Animal Farm book is a well-known novel that uses allegory and satire to make light of the Soviet Union during the mid-1940’s. The author George Orwell has been known for many famous and well know novels such as 1984, Animal Farm and Down and Out in Paris and London. George Orwell is the known author for these novels, but many don’t know that it was a stage name. The author’s real name was Eric Arthur Blair, Eric was a novelist, political writer andRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm And Ariel Dorfman s Rebellion Of The Magical Rabbits1893 Words   |  8 PagesBoth George Orwell’s Animal Farm and Ariel Dorfman’s Rebellion of the Magical Rabbits share the idea that people’s ignorance can contribute to their political and social oppression. These stories are both different, but at the same time are completely the same. The stories both have a different plot but have the same deeper meaning of ignorance leading to people s social and poli tical oppression. George Orwell used real life experiences of when political leaders took over the Soviet Union and created

Vygotsky And Jean Piaget s Theories On Language Acquisition

When comparing the works of Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget, the simplest analogy would be nurture versus nature. According to the Lecture of Theories on Language Acquisition (2014), Piaget was a psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland who is very well known in the education field, especially for his Theory of Cognitive Development. He believes that as a child transitions through the stages of development, learning is internally directed due to a child’s natural inquisitiveness. A child is born with and continues to develop schemas, or the mental representation of prior knowledge. As the child explores his environment, plays with peers or adults, and interacts with his world, he forms new ideas while reforming old ideas in his mind. In an opposing view, behaviorists believe that a child’s learning is dependent on external influences such as language, social interaction, and the larger society. Family members, teachers, and other adults play a key role in nurtur ing the child through his zone of proximal growth through scaffolding. Vygotsky, a Soviet psychologist, developed this theory, and is also considered a major contributor to educational methodologies. He places a smaller emphasis on the stages of behavior, and instead focuses on the idea that language and cognitive abilities emerge at the same time (Hernandez, 2014). In this paper, the works of both psychologists will be discussed based on research from a number of references. The works of each psychologistShow MoreRelatedPiaget And Vygotsky Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribe the concept of cognitive development and, highlight both Piaget and Vygotsky’s theory as it relates to cognitive development, and the significant differences between them. The term cognitive development refers to the process of growth and change in intellectual, mental abilities such as thinking, reasoning and understanding. It comprises of the acquisition and consolidation of knowledge. Infants draw on social-emotional, language, motor, and perceptual experience and abilities for cognitiveRead MoreJean Piaget And Vygotsky And Language Development In Children1748 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two influential thinkers who have impacted the speech and language pathology field with their key theories. Piaget believed that there are four main stages in a child’s development that lead to a child learning language. Without these stages, Piaget argues that a child cannot cognitively grow at an appropriate pace (Kaderavek, 2105, p. 18 and p. 23). However, Vygotsky argues the Social Interactionist Theory, which states children develop language through social interactingRead MoreThe Various Language Skill Development1250 Words   |  5 Pagesand feelings with others. The essay discusses the various language skill development stages among the children from zero to seven years. It analyses the importance of nature and nurture with the aid of behaviourist and nativist perspectives. In the light of the explanations by Vygotsky and Jean Piaget, the essay attempts to discuss the role of culture, experience, maturation and willingness to learn. Cambridge dictionary defines language as #39;a system of communication#39; among human beingsRead MoreLanguage And Development Of Language, Experience, Maturation And Readiness With The Aid Of A Child1143 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage plays a significant role in the process of transmitting knowledge and culture among mankind. Everyone learns a language at the early stages of life. From birth to seven years, a tremendous development of language skills is seen in a child. The essay states the various developmental phases of phonetics, morphology, semantics and syntax in a child. The behaviourist and cognitive theories states that nature and nurture plays a vital role in this process. The essay also throws light onRead MoreThe Theory Of Language For Children With Language Impairments, And The Zone Of Proximal Development Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesSpeech language pathology is a constantly evolving field. In truth, assessment strategies and therapies are constantly being improved because of the influences of Swiss biologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), who developed theories of cognitive development among children. While these theories are similar in some ways, they also have key differences, such as the fact that Piaget thought children developed through stages, whereas Vygotsky stressed a moreRead MoreA Comparative Analysis Of Theories Of Vygotsky And Piaget1446 Words   |  6 Pagescomparative analysis of the theories of Vygotsky and Piaget with emphasis on how the role of cultural context in child development is present in each of the theories. An in depth examination of each theory will be completed so as to give a clear un derstanding of the theories. The paper will also focus on the similarities and differences of the theories. Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980) was a developmental psychologist who introduced the theory of cognitive development in children. Piaget believed that childrenRead MoreEssay on Examining Educational Theorists and Current Practice Today1839 Words   |  8 Pagesnames three educational theorists, Benjamin Bloom, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky, and seeks to examine their most well-known theories. These are namely, Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development, and Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development. Each theory is briefly explained and then compared and contrasted with the other theories. Lastly, the author reflects on the practical application of these theories in a classroom setting, discussing how these philosophiesRead MoreChildren At A Psychological Perspective Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesNow, to fully understand cognitive development in children at a psychological perspective we must first look at Jean Piaget, who w as titled the most influential contributor to the term throughout the 20th century. According to Huitt, W., Hummel, J. (2003), Piaget â€Å"originally trained in the areas of biology and philosophy and considered himself a genetic epistemologist. He was mainly interested in the biological influences on how we come to know. He believed that what distinguishes human beingsRead MoreTaking a Look at Behaviourism635 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Behaviourism: learning is the the acquisition of new behaviour based on environmental conditions linking a new behaviour to the to a stimulus by providing reinforcement after the correct behaviour is produced. Principles -based on the principles of stimulus and response -behaviour is caused by external stimuli which is also called operant conditioning -takes learner as passive recipient Read MorePiaget And Vygotsky Influence On Child Development1569 Words   |  7 Pages2015, p. 1) Their growth is not just, speedy but also growing. Children#39;s health, development, and early learning provide a groundwork on which later learning—and lifelong progress—is built. This essay will discuss influences on human development and learn across the lifespan and its domains such as physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and language and relate these domains to Piaget and Vygotsky theories. Jean Piaget was an influential experimenter and theorist in the field of developmental

Plumbing/HVAC Essay Example For Students

Plumbing/HVAC Essay Plumbing/HVAC provides many job opportunities that are extremely available, require quick and easy training, and careers that yield considerably high wages. Low cost training and high paying jobs make plumbing/HVAC a exceedingly valued field. Most of the training to become a service man only requires two years of classes or less in most cases. Plumbing /HVAC jobs one of the most rapidly increasing employment opportunities in the world, and they offer involvement in business ownership. Plumbing is the background for all other major trades whether it is refrigeration or heating ventilation. The first of three major types of plumbing is construction plumbing. Construction plumbing usually requires more than two years of training, but it is also one of the highest paying, fastest growing service jobs. The U. S Department of Labor is estimating that there are over 90,000 jobs in construction plumbing alone, and they are also predicting a 17% increase of jobs in this field. Construction plumbers need stamina to carry supplies and sit in awkward positions for hours at a time. Trade plumbing on the other hand requires only two years or less of training, and it has been said to be easy to pick up as well. Plumbing is a versatile business, because you are not confined to an office or desk. Plumbing offers jobs almost anywhere thought possible. Jobs in an office, jobs outdoors, and even jobs overseas are available in this widespread business. The job of being a plumber changes rapidly due to all the new inventions, and better methods of conservation brought up by innovative plumbers. Innovative plumbing or scientific plumbing is mainly dealing with higher technology and will obviously require more training than average. Scientific plumbers find new ways to conserve energy and upgrade modern plumbing equipment. Plumbing dates back as far as2500 B. C and it will always be in high demand, so job security will always be there for a plumber. Although one planning on entering this or any other HVAC field may want to strongly consider joining a workers union, because an average wage for a union worker can be as much as $15. 00 higher when compared to a non-union worker in the plumbing/HVAC business. Heating ventilation is an important factor in peoples homes and businesses, because being comfortable is one thing the human population has come to enjoy. Scientific ventilation involves creating blueprints for plans on new ways to vent building structures. Heat ventilation installment only requires two semesters of training. Elizabeth Stewart Lytle defines ventilation as the exchange of air from indoors to outdoors through a system of vents or ductwork, usually powered by electricity. To receive the needed results to correctly power ventilation one must calculate the power needed for a certain buildings occupancy rate. Installing and fixing heating machinery is no more dangerous for the worker than it is for the building or home occupants, so using the correct fuel, pumps, ductwork, and vents is greatly critical. Heating engineers and technicians not only have an intellectually challenging job, but it is also fulfilling due to the fact that they make human life better. In training one can expect to learn numerous calculations, and learn to read blueprints, because these are two enormous parts of the ventilation process. Air conditioning installment, insulation and refrigeration are highly complicated and benefiting career choices. Reading blueprints, working with motors, compressors, condensing units, evaporators, and related electronic and mechanical controls is not uncommon for the typical air conditioning technician. Air conditioning technicians use special symbols and signs to identify certain parts, but thats not the only thing special about air conditioning technicians, because due to the annual demand they have been averaging about $200. 00 a day without a college degree. Being careful is not strictly held to this trade, but using extreme caution when installing air conditioning into buildings without opening windows, because this could be a formula for disaster if not properly installed. .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 , .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 .postImageUrl , .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 , .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1:hover , .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1:visited , .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1:active { border:0!important; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1:active , .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1 .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac8f321535a522b49e16e973cc96b9a1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay SummaryRefrigeration can be pretty complicated due to the variation of the temperatures and humidity balances, and is one of the only HVAC careers that behooves a four year training. When installing or repairing refrigerators one must be careful with the refrigerants, because if a servicemen is repairing another persons refrigerator and they manage to ruin a whole refrigerator full of food than they might end up owing the customer money after the job is completed. Plumbing/HVAC jobs all work together, and overlap each other in training and in the working world. Knowing all parts of the job is a huge part of being an exceptional s ervice person. Building codes are changed regularly to prevent health and safety hazards, so servicemen have to go to designated seminars to learn the latest in installment technology. Most large building structures hire their very own technical crews, so the jobs are virtually endless. Plumbing/HVAC requires basic science/chemistry, math, and many lab sets for normal training of their students. Business ownership is highly implicated in these fields. Knowing all aspects of the business with no exceptions, and being fully aware of ones duties, and knowing how to get the job done fast and efficiently. Using ownership connections people that were met in training by getting help from people who also know the business, and understand what a business needs to have a prosperous future is commonly a part of getting a business started. Advertising for a business, and getting customers to trust ones service, and establishing frequent job opportunities for workers is intensely consequential. Hiring workers and finding people one can trust to do the job right is a key factor in the business. Plumbing/HVAC provides many job opportunities that are extremely available, require quick and easy training, and careers that yield considerably high wages.

Aristotles Element of Tragedy free essay sample

Aristotle presents the element of tragedy as more then the textbook definition; an event resulting in great loss and misfortune, but describes how it is an art that can enhance all types of poetry. He defines tragedy as being an imitation of an action that is a whole and complete in itself and of a certain extent. Aristotle shows how tragedy is actually more important than the history itself because it brings out people’s emotions, instead of simply presenting the facts. It is clearly stated throughout the essay that plot is key to good poetry and outweighs every other element. Step by step, Aristotle explains the importance of 6 main necessary elements of plot, character, verbal expression, thought, visual, and song composition. Aristotle states that poetry must target the emotions of pity or fear, which is created in the audience, as they see the tragedy of a character that suffers unfairly, but is not completely innocent. We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotles Element of Tragedy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then he moves on to describing the main elements of tragedy, which include, plot, character, language, thought, visual, and melody. Then he classifies these in three parts, the media, the manner and the objects. The verbal communication and song composition, constitute the media, in which they effect the replication. Then there is the display, which is the manner, and the remaining three, the plot, character and thought are the objects that are imitated. Aristotle considers the plot to be the most important of these elements. He describes the plot as not being a unity revolving around one man. Instead, he states that many things happen to one man, which may not always go together, to form a unity. At the same time, he says that among the actions that a character performs there are many that may be irrelevant to one another, but yet they form a unified action. Aristotle continues depicting the plot categorizing it in two manners: simple and complex. In a simple plot, a change of fortune takes place without a reversal or recognition. In contrast, in a complex plot, the change of fortune involves recognition or a reversal or both. He then defines reversal and recognition. Reversal or peripety is a change from one circumstance to its exact opposite. Recognition is a change from ignorance to knowledge leading either to friendship or hostility depending on whether the character is marked with good or bad fortune. There is a phrase used by Aristotle in Poetics, â€Å"from the machine,† which is basically any unlikely way of solving difficulty of the plot. Lastly, Aristotle explains the importance of the chorus in a tragedy. According to him, it should be regarded as one of the actors. Therefore, the chorus should be integrated into performance and be considered as part of the whole. Aristotle is correct in his importance of plot, but the characters are of equal importance. If the audience can connect with the characters on a personal level, then they are much more attached and emotionally involved with the story. Also the more information that is given about the characters, the more the audience gets an understanding as to why the story is playing out like it is.

Impact of CT Scans on Stroke Diagnosis

Introduction Strokes are one of the leading causes of death in many parts of the world. Consequently, it is essential to adopt procedures that lead to the accurate diagnosis of the condition. The CT scan is a primary mode of investigation of the disease. This report will determine its impact on the management of the condition within clinical and emergency settings.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Impact of CT Scans on Stroke Diagnosis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Impact of CT scans on stroke diagnosis A stroke is a condition in which one looses brain functions at a rapid rate owing to disruptions in blood supply in the cerebral region. The syndrome may result in physical symptoms, such as, the inability to control limbs on one side, uncoordinated speech, visual defects on one side of the body, pain, seizures, emotional inability, coma, loss of speech, muscle numbness, pneumonia, anxiety, or even deat h. The latter effect may occur if the stroke persists for more than one day. All physical manifestations correspond to the part of the brain that the stroke affected. It should be noted that, during a stroke, clinicians can look out for symptoms, such as stiffness of the neck, convulsions and headaches, to diagnose the condition. Since the effects of a stroke are dependent on the swiftness and response given, then it is essential to use a method of diagnosis that can be done quickly. Therapeutic interventions depend on the stroke that clinicians identify. For instance, it may be thrombolytic, so this necessitates the use of anti- platelet therapy. Alternatively, it could be hemorrhagic, so this should lead to the use of agents like Nimodipine. Early detection of the pathology of the stroke is essential in the therapeutic decision. The Computerized Tomography (CT) scan has assisted in the early identification of these pathologies, and thus facilitated timely treatment responses. If p atients lack access to CT scanning technologies or other clinical detection methods, then they may get wrong treatment, which could lead to health deterioration. The management of stroke patients has tremendously improved owing to the use of CT scans. Computerized Tomography scans assist in differentiating between the two key types of stroke; Ischemic or hemorrhagic. Hemorrhagic strokes emanate from burst blood vessels in the cerebral region while Ischemic strokes stem from the absence of blood flow in the same region.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the scan can assist in location of which part of the brain the problem affects. It is also necessary to determine the severity of a stroke, and the CT scan also assists in this course of action. If the condition has ever occurred in the past, one needs to know the risk of future transient Ischemic attacks (a condition that mirrors symptoms of a stroke but reverses within 24 hours); CT scans assist in that process, as well. Treatment methods for strokes are evidence-based. Therefore, clinicians ought to strive to make diagnoses that are as accurate as possible. Most modern methods used in detection lack the sensitivity and specificity of the CT scan. The CT scan aids in excluding or confirming the existence of a cerebral hemorrhage at an early stage. Consequently, clinicians can begin anti- platelet therapy on such patients if they find no hemorrhage. Alternatively, blood pressure may be controlled, depending on the stroke subtype, if a clinician uses a CT scan. If medical facilities lack these technologies, then they might give patients anticoagulants when they have intracerebral hemorrhage, which is a serious mistake (Fiebach et al 530). Anticoagulants work by increasing the flow of blood, so they are inappropriate for a patient who already has a hemorrhaging problem. There are conditi ons in which the CT scan is more useful than MRI scans or other detection methods. For instance, when a patient has a severe stroke and an immediate decision is imperative, then the easily-administered CT scan is superior to other methods. It can easily differentiate between the two key types of strokes mentioned earlier. In fact, the short length of time required for the administration of CT scans explains why it is a superior method for patients with severe strokes. Before clinicians can administer thrombolysis drugs, they need to make a time-limited analysis, and the CT scan is quite useful for this purpose. Patients with low consciousness levels particularly rely on CT scans because this can contribute to the successful administration of treatment. When treatment is necessary, certain physiological conditions are more effectively noted using CT scans than other methods. If the internal carotid artery possesses surgical stenosis, then a CT scan can be quite appropriate. Experts u se the method for its specificity and sensitivity in this area. It provides an accurate visualization of plaque ulcerations or other defects on the arterial wall. Therefore, the method is critical in illustrating how the interior section of an arterial wall looks like. The best application of a CT scan is in the detection of cerebral hemorrhage. The method has specificity of 89% and a sensitivity of 100%. Conversely, the MRI scan has a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 100% (Nogueira et al. 870). As a consequence, the CT scan is more effective for hemorrhagic strokes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Impact of CT Scans on Stroke Diagnosis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This advantage stems from the superior visualization of blood vessels. Therefore, if one has ruptured a blood vessel or an arteriovenous malformation exists, then the CT scan will reveal it quite clearly. This category of strokes can be quite detrimental if left untreated. The presence of excess blood in the brain often leads to pressure build up, and brain damage, so it ought to be corrected as soon as it arises. A CT scan is also desirable in instances where patient movement may be difficult to control. The equipment will still read through movement, and thus give useful images. Furthermore, the technology can be used even when a patient contains an implanted medical device. Other scanning technologies like MRIs are too sensitive to patient movement and will react to the presence of medical devices in the bodies of stroke patients. Case studies Scholars have carried out a number of case studies on the effect of CT scans on clinical outcomes, and most of them have demonstrated positive results. Goyal et al. (95) carried out one such study. The team wanted to find out whether CT scan appearance led to the improvement of time taken to recanalize patients in acute Ischemic strokes as well as in endovascular throm bectomy. A patient with an Ischemic stroke undergoes treatment by recanalization of an occluded artery. Recanalization refers to the creation of new paths through a blockage in an artery. An institution may decide to use intravenous IV administration for treatment of acute Ischemic strokes. However, the latter path often leads to poor recanalization rates. Conversely, one may use endovascular methods, which lead to high recanalization rates but low clinical outcomes. In order to determine the right treatment method, many institutions rely on baseline CT scans. The authors of the above case study went ahead and studied the effect of a favorable CT scan on the time it takes to recanalize. They found that if a CT scan score were less than or equal to 4, then a patient would not get positive outcomes from recanalization. However, if the patient had a CT scan score of greater than 7, then they had better chances of benefiting from the recanalization. Additionally, if the CT scan illustra ted that a patient had severe damage and a score of greater than 4, then they benefited from fast recanalization. The above study, therefore, shows that CT scans play a crucial role in boosting clinical outcomes for patients undergoing treatment. Hill et al. (1612) also carried out research on how CT scans can enhance clinical effectiveness in the treatment of stroke. They focused on intravenous (IV) therapy as well as intra- arterial (IA) therapy for treatment of ischemic strokes. The authors explained that hospitals and patients spend a lot of resources on the administration of IV-IA therapy.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it is always crucial to select the right patients first before taking them through this intensive procedure. Neuro- imaging, through CT scans, is an effective way of ensuring that clinicians select the right patients for treatment. In the analysis, they looked into the CT scores of 460 ischemic stroke patients. The authors compared the clinical outcomes of patients with unfavorable baseline CT scan readings to the ones with unfavorable and neutral scores. They found that those individuals whose CT appearance was favorable, had a higher success rate during the treatment of the stroke (through IV-IA therapy) than those without an unfavorable outcome. Consequently, this research also proves that medical imaging using CT scans can aid in the selection of the right patients for treatment of the disease. Limitations of the CT scan CT scans have their limitations, as well; clinicians cannot diagnose Ischemic strokes unless these have occurred 6 hours before, which undermines the application of the method. The presence of blood clots or lesions principally cause Ischemic strokes. CT scans are not effective in visualizing these lesions, especially because the lesions could be secondary or acute. Nonetheless, if early signs of ischemia already exist and more accurate methods of detection are unavailable, then clinicians may opt for the use of a CT scan. Statistics indicate that MRI scans have a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 98% when assessing ischemic strokes. Conversely, CT scans only have a sensitivity of 16% and specificity of 96% when used for this same purpose. CT scans cannot assist in understanding the symptoms behind complicated strokes. If a clinician is uncertain about the location of the stroke, then a CT scan cannot shed more light on it. In this circumstance, it would be more effective to rely on an MRI scan. The latter method provides more details of brain tissue than CTs. Conclusion CT scans support the treatment of patients with stroke s by facilitating fast detection of the nature of the stroke. They are particularly useful when the concerned individual has a hemorrhagic stroke. The technology also assists in selecting the right patients for treatment of ischemic stroke thus leading to more successful outcomes. Nonetheless, this form of medical imaging has its limits as it has low sensitivity when analyzing complex strokes or diagnosing ischemic strokes. Therefore, CT scans should be used to complement other imaging technologies and in the above-mentioned cases alone. Works Cited Fiebach, J, P Schellinger A Gass. â€Å"Stroke Magnetic Resonance Imaging is Accurate in Hyper Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Study in the Validity of Stroke Imaging†. Stroke 35.2(2004): 502-506. Print. Goyal, Mayank, Bijoy Menon, Shelagh Coutts, Michael Hill Andrew Demchuk. â€Å"Effect of Baseline CT Scan Appearance and Time to Recanalization on Clinical Outcomes in Endovascular Thrombectomy of Acute Ischemic S trokes†. Stroke 42(2011): 93-97. Print. Hill, Micheal, Andrew Demchuk, T Tomsick, Y Palesch J Broderick. â€Å"Using the Baseline CT Scan to Select Acute Stroke Patoents for IV-IA Therapy.† American Journal of Neuroradiology 27(2006): 1612-1616. Print. Nogueira, R, A Yoo, F Buonanno, J Hirsch. â€Å"Endovascular Approaches to Acute Stroke: A Comprehensive Review of Studies and Trials†. American Journal of Neuroradiology 30(2009): 859-875. Print. This research paper on Impact of CT Scans on Stroke Diagnosis was written and submitted by user Rachael S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Research Methods and Statistics Midterm Exam Essays

Research Methods and Statistics Midterm Exam Essays Research Methods and Statistics Midterm Exam Essay Research Methods and Statistics Midterm Exam Essay In the formula n Is the sample size. Median position = (n + 2 Median position = (24 + 1)/2 Median position = 25/2 = 12. 5 Now we look for position 12 and 13. Position 12 is 5, and position 13 is 6. We take the average of the two values and that is the median. Median = (5 11/2= 5. 5 Median = 5. 5 The mode is the most frequent response in the distribution 6-1 2-2 7-2 3-6 8-6 4?2 5-1 10-1 In this example we have two modes. They are 3 and 8. A creativity test. The student scored 123 on the intelligence test and 123 on the creativity test. The mean for the intelligence test is 100, and the standard deviation is 16. The mean for the creativity test is 115, and the standard deviation is 14. What statistic would you use to compare the two scores from these two different distributions (the intelligence test distribution and the creativity test distribution)? Compute this statistic and determine on which test, if either, the student performed better. Explain your answer. (10 pets) Intelligence test score = 123, mean = 100, tankard deviation = 16 Creativity test score = 123, mean = 1 15, standard deviation = 14 To determine on which test the student did better, we use the standard deviation and the mean. To do the determination we have to use the standard deviation in proportion to the normal curve. Intelligence 129 Creativity Range: 84- 116 101 The student did better in the intelligence test since the mean for both test is within the range for the intelligence test. 3) a. Calculate the standard deviation for the following distribution: (5 pets total) calculate the mean (1+2+3+7+8+9) = 30 / 6 = 5 Subtract the mean from each score 1 -5=-4 7-5=2 2-5=-3 8-5=3 Square the resulting difference for each score. These are the squared deviations. -4 X -4 = 16 -3 x-3=9 EX.=9 -2 x-2=4 4 X 4=16 Add the squared deviations. (16+9+4 +4+9+ 16) = 58 Divide the squared deviations by the sample size to get the variance. 58 / 6 Take the square foot of the variance to get the standard deviation. Standard deviation = 3. 11 = 9. 67 -7=0 2-7=-5 8-7=1 3-7 9-7=2 Square the difference -6 x -6=36 OX=O -5 x -5=25 XIX- -4 x -4=16 ex.=4 Add the squared deviations and divide by the sample size 36 +25+16+0+1 Take the square foot of the variance = 3. 9 = 3. 7 c. What percentage of people would have scores falling between the mean and this value? 13. 66% d. What percentage of people would have scores falling at or below this value? 27. 32% 4) Sally was given a standardized test in which the mean for her class was 500, and the standard deviation was 100. Sally scored 400. Compute her score to a z-score (show your work). How did Sally perform relative to the rest of her class (be specific)? (10 pets) z = (400-500) 1100 z100/100 z

Methodology Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Methodology - Dissertation Example Thus, financial reports recorded in this manner make it harder to compare financial reports. This issue has been said to be solved by implementing a standard reporting system or global accounting standards (Hawkins, 2000). Standardized financial reporting has been implemented based on the assumption that it can increase the comparability of financial statements, increase the quality of financial reports, and improve corporate transparency especially in terms of incentives. It has also been determined to be created as a result of the increase in the number of multinational companies or MNCs (Nobes and Parker, 2006). Moreover, Bolt-Lee and Smith (2009) included increase in reporting consistency, better global competition, and increase in the transparency of financial reporting as the benefits of international financial reporting. Moreover, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1999 stated that the financial systems of developing crisis, especially those experiencing financial crisis , can be strengthened by enhancing the financial reporting regulations and practices. Jainkengit (2002) reported an improvement in the economy of Thailand as a result of enhanced financial reporting regulations and practices and transparency or greater disclosure on financial information. Similarly, a study by Daske, Hail, Leuz, and Verdi (2008) explored the effects and consequences of mandatory IFRS (International Financial Reporting Systems) reporting. ... The benefits include increase in stock market value, market liquidity, and lower capital costs. Lastly, the study determined that financial reporting standards are most effective under a strict and strong regulating environment. This is most evident in a study by Barrett (1996) where it was determined that financial reports among American and British companies are more comprehensive because of their disclosure requirements. However, there are factors that affect financial reporting among corporate companies. There is an immense role to be played by economic and political forces in what concerns the shaping of accounting. A study by Suttachai and Cooke (2009) enumerated several factors that affect international financial reporting. The important factors discussed are the environment and culture, wherein environment stands for the legal system, economic system, and other institutional factors. Cooke and Wallace (1990) agree by stating that the environment wherein the company is located can greatly affect financial reporting. Thus, despite the homogeneity in the standards for international financial reporting, it still varies depending on various factors, specifically and most especially in terms of its location and culture. It only imply that although they follow the same standards or format for reporting, the quality of data and the means on which they measure still varies (Suttachai and Cooke, 2009), which is ultimately the purpose of standardizing financial report systems: to decrease and eventually eliminate variation (Nobes and Parker,2006). On the other hand, Choi (2002) stated that harmonization or standardization of financial practices and reports increase the comparability and compatibility of financial reports by limiting the

Welding Metals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Welding Metals - Essay Example (www.wikipedia.org). A weld is defined as a blend or coalescence of two or more metals by heating then until they reach a critical temperature and flow together. The piece of metal to be welded is called the base metal, work piece, or work. The edges of the base metal are often specially prepared for welding by, for example, machining, shearing, or gouging. There are five basic weld joints: butt, lap, corner, "T," and edge. The American Welding Society has developed a system of symbols that are added to mechanical drawings, to convey precisely how a welding site should be prepared, what type of weld should be made, and any other considerations. Arc welding is a very popular method of joining metal together for many different applications. It is the processes of joining metal together through fusion which is done by the electric Arc, by electrical current (Arc 1994).An electric arc between the electrode and the work piece generates heat. Sufficient heat is generated to melt the pieces together. The arc reaches temperatures of around 6,000 degrees Celsius which is concentrated at the tip of the electrode (Weldwell 2003). The range of welding current used varies from 5 to 500 amps. The voltage ranges from 20 to 30 volts. The current can be either AC or DC. The type of current is dependent on material thickness. The electrodes have a metal core surround by flux, which melts with the work piece creating a fusion weld. The flux coating forms a gas and slag that shields the molting metal pool. This flux materialis cleaned off once the weld has cooled with a wire brush. The weld should be as strong or stronger then the metal that i t is fusing together. There are four common types of welding namely Stick or SMAW(Shielded Metal Arc Welding) Mig or GMAW(Gas Metal Arc Welding) Tig or GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding). Flux-Core or FCAW (Flux Core Arc Welding). Shielded metal arc welding or stick welding is one of the most commonly used types of welding. (Repp 1994).this is because it is one of the easiest methods and the equipment used is inexpensive. It is used in mobile welding due to its ease of portability. In this process the flux covering the electrode melts during welding. Due to this gas and slag are formed that form a protective layer around the molten weld pool. The slag is chipped off the weld bead after welding. The flux provides a method of adding scavengers, deoxidizers, and alloying elements to the weld metal. Advantages The equipment is simple, inexpensive and portable. It has a moderate welding speed. This process is flexible i.e. in order to tackle different tasks, metals and thickness change of rods or welding parameters is sufficient. Flux provides excellent cleaning action in cases where weld metal preparation is less than ideal (rust, scale, dirt, etc.). It is less sensitive to wind and drifts. Discontinuities Considering the weld discontinuities stick welding suffers from undercut where a groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the weld toe or weld root and left unfilled by weld metal. Secondly it suffers from incomplete fusion i.e. a weld discontinuity in which fusion does not occur between weld metal and fusion faces or adjoining weld beads. Other discontinuities include porosity of the weld formed, cracks and slag inclusions in the weld. Problems The main problem concerning stick welding is Arc Blow. It is a problem that exists with most electric welding processes. It is caused by the preferential magnetic fields developed near the arc. These are most often caused by the arc current ground path or in the

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 39

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example Formative evaluation can be used to provide feedback for learning and consequently serve as the basis for improvements (Duers and Brown, 2009) and should therefore be conducted as the project progresses. I concur that summative evaluation is conducted at the end of an instructional unit (Duers and Brown, 2009) and can thus be conducted at the end of your practicum project. McKimm and Swanwick (2009) posits that objectives outlines what the student seeks to achieve at the end of a project. In this regard, I agree with your objectives in achieving your goal. Your objectives clearly shows what you will achieve at the end of the practicum project. For instance, you assert that you will be able to present findings to the executive system board for approval at the end of your project. I also concur with the other aspects of your discussion such as your methodology and evaluation plan. Your choice to utilize PFCC as your methodology will help achieve the projected outcomes based on findings from other methodical investigations, thus I agree with your methodology. It is only through formative and summative approaches to evaluation that you will be able to get feedback from your colleagues and also at the end of your project (Duers and Brown, 2009). In this respect, I agree with your evaluation

The History And Background Of Rickets Health Essay

The History And Background Of Rickets Health Essay Rickets is a disease that is lack of vitamin D. It is mostly happening in winter and spring, and children are easy to get the disease when they from 2 to 6 age group. If the children lack of vitamin D, their bones will become soft. (1. Unknown, 2003) C:UsersDELLAppDataRoamingTencentUsers752503580QQWinTempRichOleBFU4MUDQ]H268WAGFZ_)}M.jpg Keywords: bones, children, cod liver oil, disabled children, diseases, girls, Glasgow Corporation, infants, medicine, orange juice, public health, rickets, sunlight, Vitamin D deficiency History 1st and 2nd century AD Soranus, a Roman physician, is the person who first described bony deformities in the 1st and 2nd century AD. He pointed out that bony deformities more appeared in the young children because Roman mothers often lack of nurture and hygiene. 1645 Daniel Whistler, an English physician, is credited with the earliest person who described rickets. In 1645, he published a monograph titled Inaugural medical that provided a description of the signs and symptoms of rickets. An alternate term called Paedosteocaces was used to describe the clinical symptoms of rickets. The signs and symptoms of rickets included bone pain or tenderness, dental deformities delayed formation of teeth, short stature, impaired growth, decreased muscle strength, and a number of skeletal deformities, including abnormally shaped skull (craniotabes), rib-cage abnormalities (rachitic rosary), bowlegs, and breastbone, pelvic, and spinal deformities. (2. William C. Shiel Jr., 2012) 1650 Francis Glisson, a Cambridge physician published in Latin a treatise on rickets titled De Rachitide. in 1650. Glissons work remains a classic among medical texts. Unlike Whistler, Glissons sound and elegant observation of rickets is based on clinical and postmortem experience. 1909 Nearly 2 centuries after the Glissonian era, there were no new developments in the study of rickets. At the turn of the 20th century, rickets was heavy among the underprivileged infants living in industrialized cities of North in the United States and several polluted cities in Europe. In 1909, among infants 18 months or less who had died, Schmorl found histopathological evidence of rickets in 96% (214 of 221) at autopsy, highlighting the pervasive nature of rickets during that era. Although it often happened, the exact cause of rickets still unclear. Deficient diet, faulty environment (poor hygiene, lack of fresh air and sunshine), and lack of exercise were all implicated in its etiology. (3. Kumaravel Rajakumar, 2003) Geography Rickets mainly happen in anywhere. It is primary cause of lack of vitamin D. the rickets mostly happen in the young children. Firstly, the sunlight is an important factor of cure rickets because sunlight can facilitate the synthesis of vitamin D when human body exposure to sunlight. Sniadecki, a physicians observed that children living in Warsaw had a high incidence of rickets, whereas children living in rural areas outside Warsaw did not Based on this observation, he advocated exposure to sunlight as a means of curing this disease. (4. Unknown, 2012) Secondly, according to Sniadeckis collections of opinions that indicated the appearance of rickets does not associated with the economy but the locations of the people. The opinions were from some physicians in the British Empire and the Orient showed that rickets was rare in children living in poor cities in China, Japan, and India where people received poor nutrition and lived in squalor, whereas the children of middle class and poor who lived in industrialized cities in the British Isles had a high incidence of rickets. (5. Jan 25, 2011) Culture Group Mostly young children are easy to get rickets, especially dark skin people. Young children need to eat food that includes vitamin D and they need to under the sunlight more than 15 minute every day. Symptoms The signs and symptoms of rickets included bone pain or tenderness, dental deformities delayed formation of teeth, short stature, impaired growth, decreased muscle strength, and a number of skeletal deformities, including abnormally shaped skull (craniotabes), rib-cage abnormalities (rachitic rosary), bowlegs, and breastbone, pelvic, and spinal deformities. (6. William C. Shiel Jr., 89[0d2012) Diagnosed If we found children have tetany or seizures, X-rays of long bones (radius, ulna, and femur) and ribs, they will get the rickets. (7. William C. Shiel Jr., 2012) Environmental influence Pollution from factories can affect the rickets, because the environmental pollution will block the suns ultraviolet ray. The suns ultraviolet ray is good for our body. It can make our body production of vitamin D to reduce the rickets. (8. Steven M Schwarz, 2011) Ethical issues Nowadays people who with darkly pigmented skin or live in industrialized northern cities and the children in certain Arab countries who often cover clothing and stay indoors still at risk of rickets. Besides, in tropical with sunny climates, rickets still a problem in the cities like Calcutta, Johannesburg, and in mostly African-American children in the United States, because children usually consume vegetarian or vegan diets and infants often have low levels of vitamin D as a result of the lactating mothers have low levels of vitamin D. Although rare, diets directly deficient in calcium and phosphorus may also lead to rickets. (9. Unknown, 2012) Social influence Rickets can be found much more easily in the developing countries or regions which without clean food and water. Rickets is a kind of bone structure softening disease, and it can finally lead to breakage, fractures and deformity of the limbs and spine. Rickets usually is due to malnutrition, especially when vitamin D and calcium cannot be got enough from the diet. If infants cannot get enough nutrients, they maybe get rickets much easier. Starvation, inadequate food intake or a poor diet also lead to rickets. In adults, an extreme deficiency in vitamin D can cause osteomalacia too. If malnutrition is the main cause, protruding bones and muscles may be visible. And if caught early on, rickets can be treated. The treatment for rickets caused by malnutrition should start by treating the malnutrition or malabsorption of foods. This means following a healthy diet that includes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, protein and dairy. Another recommendation is a high-calorie nutritional supplement to promote and encourage weight gain. Sometimes doctor may also recommend vitamin D and calcium supplements with the precise dosage, and along with frequent monitoring of calcium and vitamin D levels in the blood. (10. Julie Boehlke, 2011) Change agents Daniel Whistler Daniel Whistler is an English physician. He is credited with the earliest person who described rickets. In 1645, he published a monograph titled Inaugural medical that provided a description of the signs and symptoms of rickets. An alternate term called Paedosteocaces was used to describe the clinical symptoms of rickets. (11. Kumaravel Rajakumar, 2003) Harry Steenbock In 1924, University of Wisconsin-Madison biochemist Harry Steenbock discovered a method that exposure to ultraviolet irradiation can increase the vitamin D content of certain foods, virtually eliminating the debilitating condition of rickets. (12. The Guardian, 2010) K. Huldschinsky In 1919, the German researcher K. Huldschinsky carried out a remarkably innovative experiment and cured children of rickets using artificially-produced ultraviolet light. (13. Unknown, 2009) Alfred F. Hess and L. F. Unger In 1921, researchers Alfred F. Hess and L. F. Unger of Columbia University first showed that by simply exposing rachitic children to sunlight, they were able to cure them of the disease. (14. Unknown, 2009) Steenbock Recognizing that simply irradiating certain foods that were common in most peoples diets could spare large numbers of children from the bone disease, Steenbock patented the food irradiation process using ultraviolet light in 1924, donating all future proceeds to support research at the University of Wisconsin. (15. Unknown, 2009) Innovation The description of conditions with bony deformities in ancient medical writings dates back to the 1st and 2nd centuries. Despite rickets common occurrence, the exact etiology of rickets remained elusive. An English physician, Edward Mellanby made a series of experimental study and postulated, It therefore seems probable that the cause of rickets is a diminished intake of an antirachitic factor which is either fat-soluble A, or has a somewhat similar distribution to fat-soluble A. Even though his conclusion has soon been proved incorrect, His work still clearly established the role of diet in the cause of rickets. In 1861, Professor Armand Trousseau, a French internist state that rickets was caused by lack of sun exposure and a faulty diet, and cod-liver oil could effectively cure it. After many year further research and clinical trials, by the 1930s, the use of cod-liver oil in the treatment and prevention of rickets became common place. The eventual public health prevention initiative of fortification of milk with vitamin D led to eradication of rickets in the United States. (16. Kumaravel Rajakumar, 2003) When people get more information about rickets, they can think about how to prevent rickets. Contemporary uses and resources Rickets can be prevented by consumed balanced and nutrition diets. In order to prevent the rickets, foods that are high in calcium (such as milk, cheese, and salad greens) and vitamin-D (such as breakfast cereals and orange juice) should be provided (17). Evidence has showed that supplements of 400 IU of vitamin D each day can be effective in preventing the diseases (18) Vitamin D deficiency has become a serious problem throughout the world. In New Zealand, around 31% of children aged in 5-14 years suffer vitamin D deficiency (19). Foods: oily fish, liver, eggs, meat, oatmeal. Breakfast: Lunch: Dinner: Vitamin D in pregnancy diet The National Academy of Sciences recommended that pregnant women get 200 IUs (5 micrograms) of vitamin D each day if theyre not exposed to adequate sunlight (your body makes vitamin D when exposed to the sun). Many experts believe this amount isnt nearly enough. For example, Bruce Hollis, professor of pediatrics at the Medical University of South Carolina, who has researched vitamin D needs, recommended that pregnant women take a supplement of 4,000 IU of vitamin D a day. And lactating women take a supplement of 6,000 IU daily. And the National Academy of Sciences is reviewing its guidelines on vitamin D currently, so the data may change. Egg, fortified milk, fish liver oil, and fatty fish, and cereal products all contain vitamin D. Be sure to check food labels: Some cheeses, yogurts, eggs, and cereals are fortified while others arent. All milk is vitamin D fortified. Here are some of the best food sources of vitamin D: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢3 ounces catfish, cooked: 570 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢3.5 ounces salmon, cooked: 360 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢3.5 ounces mackerel, cooked: 345 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢3 ounces tuna fish, canned in oil: 200 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢1.75 ounces sardines, canned in oil, drained: 250 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢1 cup milk, fortified with 25% of daily value (DV) of vitamin D: 100 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢1 cup orange juice, fortified with 25% of DV of vitamin D: 100 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢1 cup fortified skim milk: 98 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢1 tablespoon margarine, fortified: 60 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢1 cup ready-to-eat cereal, fortified with 10% of DV of vitamin D: 40 IU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢1 egg yolk: 20 IU the BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board, 1997. Vitamin D in your pregnancy diet Retrieved on 10th November 2012 from http://www.babycenter.com/0_vitamin-d-in-your-pregnancy-diet_661.bc?page=2 Future trends Application to an establishment

french revolution:peasants becoming oppressed. :: essays research papers

By the 18th century the third estate became aware of their oppression through various sources. These sources include the Influence of philosophers and the Echoes of the American war of independence. Goodwin states, the aim of the French philosophers, of the eighteenth century, was to liberate mankind from the fitter of ignorance and from subservience of outmoded practices. D. Richard further illustrated that philosophers such as, Rousseau, Voltaire, Monesquieu and the encyclopedias have contributed to the uprising of the third estate, within the revolution. In fact, Voltaire’s, influence within the revolution was mainly directed towards the corrupt government, ecclesiastical bigotry, censorship and cruel and arbitrary penal systems at the church. D.Richards further stated â€Å"he poured scorn on the pretensions of the church and folly of the government and the credibility of those who are taken by both.† His cry for injustice and brave actions, allowed him to receive tremendous gratitude from the third estate. As a matter a fact, Voltaire was the most influential philosopher within the revolution to challenge. Rousseau also influenced the third estate. Rousseau preached the equality of man, he later attacked justice â€Å"Men though born free are every where in chains†, and even in the government he said. Rousseau according to A. Goodwin claimed that the only legitimate state was one that expressed the â€Å"General will† (the will of the people as a whole) which is inspired by good motives and directed only in the common interest. His contract social (social contract) of 1762 envisaged free men guaranteeing each other natural rights. Historians have concluded that Rousseau, inspired the people emotionally, preparing them to retaliate. Another radical, Montesquieu inspired the third estate within ideas. His aim mainly was to focus on various parts of parlements and it’s unfair implications, towards the third estate. Alongside, the three philosophes mentioned above. Diderot and the encyclopedias also contributed to the influence of the revolution. He, like Voltaire, preached the injustice of the church practices and government. He criticized the heavy burden of taxation upon the third estate. He suggested that the intolerable acts of taxation be abolished with the exception of land tax, which was chiefly paid by the clergy and nobles for Diderot and the encyclopedias the common good was supreme law and government therefore the general happiness of society. Besides the philosophes, the physiocrates played a vital role in the usurpation of the revolution .A. Goodwin also noted that, the physiocrates, led by Rivere, supported freedom of contract, and specifically demanded scientific government to replace the irrationality of privileged.

Picture & musical instrument Essay

In this picture, it showcases a man playing a musical instrument called bagpipes which are prominent and widely used in Scotland and Ireland. Based on the composition of the image, the man is probably a musician from an average social class because his choice clothing is typically worn by commoners probably during the Renaissance period. Generally, this illustration depicts an ordinary event in a musician’s life in the early periods. There are many components in this image that can tell the story of this single picture. Lines, shapes, color, shading and proportions are the elements that give life to a portrait. For the hat, it is a simple head ornament made from a plain fabric. The color gray with touches of brown suggest that it must had been used numerous times. The color combination gives it an aged look making it in a way look stylish. More so, the flower with a hint of light purple and baby pink colored petals that is surrounded by a couple of olive green leaves provided a natural component in the musician’s head cover. At first, it may seem that the beautiful flower is wilting probably because of its downward position but if viewers would look closely, the loveliness of the flower resides on its perfect color combination which exudes harmony. Additionally, a two-toned colored feather is also present on the hat. It is seamlessly intertwined with the flower. The feather added life on this very minimal hat through the blending of the colors gold and cream. Furthermore, the soft brushstrokes on the strands of the feathers give a sense of movement. It contrasted the stiff but delicate position of the flower. Moreover, the feather and the flower can be considered as accents of the hat that showcases the creativity of the musician and his love for things that possess simple yet striking beauty. On another note, hats are usually are worn outdoors during sunny days to protect the face from the rays of the sun. But on this picture, the black background suggests that the time was around in the evening or he was probably indoors which justifies the dark backdrop. Meanwhile, the relatively large brim of the hat had cast a shadow on the musician’s face. In a way, his wrinkles were partly concealed from the viewers’ line of sight. But if it will be examined closely, the series of lines on the forehead and on the mouth area can be considered as the focal points of the facial features. These lines indicate that the musician is probably in his late 40s or early 50s. On the other hand, the eyes tell a different story. It is hard to tell whether the arch of the left eyebrow and the roundness of the eyes signify an emotion. He can either be feeling tired or impassive during his performance. The semi-closed mouth with ripples of lines along the cheek area also adds up to the anonymity of the musician’s emotions. No outstanding feature can really be distinguished making it hard to determine the prominent mood of the painting. Overall, the musician’s face was painted in details. The realistic skin-toned color of the face accented by a small blush of red on the cheeks, the protruding nose, big black eyes, arched eyebrows, nude lips and the fine facial lines made an accurate representation of a male’s physical appearance. Furthermore, the layers of wardrobe added more personality into the painting. The musician is wearing three layers of garments. In the first layer is a white collared long sleeve shirt which is covered by a red V-shaped long sleeve with a wide collar. The bottom of the red shirt is tightened by a garter producing sections of scrunched up fabrics. Also, it seems that there is a set of embroidery at the bottom of the red shirt which serves as the accents to this plain piece of clothing. It is evident from the collar line to the sleeves that the musician is wearing layered clothes. Also, the combination of red and white complements very well. The simplicity of the white is balanced off by the intensity of the red. The third layer is a coat which has the same color as the hat with a dominant grayish tone but with touches of light brown and white. Also, the utilization of dark colors gave a slimming effect on the musician which made him look less stocky. The lining of the coat has a similar shade with the red shirt but more on the orange side. Probably this was intended to give continuity and proper blending of the colors used in the outfit. The whole look of the clothes did not seem stiff because of the folds seen all over the layers of clothing. The folds were intricately added to add movement in order for the clothes to look like as if they were moving with the musician. More so, these folds or lines contrasted the heaviness of the coat which gave a fluid quality to the whole picture. An unusual element was present on the left sleeve of the coat. This object has a circular shape with three layers of different sizes ranging from small to large. At one end is a hole where a red ribbon was tied which was pinned into the coat. Most likely this object is a type of medal that represents the musician’s profession or his achievements or this could just be an ornament used for fashion purposes. Regardless of its function, the circular object adds a touch of splendor to the whole garment. Moreover, the layers of clothing suggest that the weather was cold and that the musician needed the three levels of shirts to provide heat in order for him to properly play his bagpipes. Meanwhile, the bagpipe was illustrated in a neutral mocha brown color. Four pipes of varying heights and appearance were strategically strewn all over the irregularly shaped leather bagpipe. Because of the different sizes of pipes, it gave an illusion of elevation giving some dimension to a flat medium. Also, the creases on the bagpipe added some movement and tension to the image. Furthermore, the hands of the musician holding the main pipe were precisely demonstrated. The veins, the nails and even the lines on the knuckles were accurately portrayed. The viewers can really notice these details which suggest that these hands have been through a lot of experience in playing musical instruments. Despite the rigidity of the details on the hands, the way the hands were positioned displayed softness and finesse which is a true mark of a talented musician.

Presentation Skills on YouTube Essays

Presentation Skills on YouTube Essays Presentation Skills on YouTube Essay Presentation Skills on YouTube Essay How to use presentation skills to have an impressive presentation? Select a speaker on Youtube from a major presentation e.g. product launches, road shows, political speeches. Analyze the speakers body language as well as facial impressions and use of words and tone and describe their impact on their audience in your paper. Presentation Skills The way how the speaker uses presentation skills has a direct effect on whether the desired result will be achieved. While all speakers may have identical timing to communicate with their audience, some will always outperform others. Some people believe that good communication skills are inborn virtues. However, it is a proven fact that effective communication can be learned. Undoubtedly, good speaking is a learned technique that is open to all people. Often, active speakers acquire the ability from continued practice and willingness to develop. Specifically, effective communication entails a collection of skills and techniques including body language, facial expressions, tones, and set of words. This essay will stress this argument through an analysis of a speech by Eric Thomas on the topic Tired of Losing. Eric Thomas and Body Language Through the presentation, Eric Thomas understands that the effectiveness of his communication lies in the ability to use body movements and gestures. At the beginning of new points, he begins from a neutral position, with hands resting at his sides. At this point, he does not use them to compel the audience to believe both sides of the argument. However, as he continues to reveal more details relating to the topic, he begins using his hands. He raises them according to the attitude of points. For instance, he opens them wide to express points that his listeners should love while moving them closer to show negative points. Finally, he finds his hands useful to emphasize the stage of the speech. At the beginning of a point, he begins with his hands at rest. As he progresses, hands become more vigorous and towards the end of a point, he brings them together, seeming to clinch the points at last. Eric Thomas and Facial Expressions Eric Thomas understands the role of facial expression in his presentation. This technique is useful to him as he appeals to the audience to understand his feelings towards a certain notion. For instance, when he is talking about lazy people, he expresses detest by clenching the muscles of his face. On the other hand, when he speaks about positive traits such as dedication and hard work, his face muscles seem to be relaxed indicating delight. At the same time, he expresses openness of speech by resting his face, for instance, when it is time for his audience to ask questions. Eric Thomass Use of Tones and Words Eric understands that tonal variation is a mandatory requirement in his speech. As he begins a new point, he starts with a low tone and raises it as the talk progresses. Towards the end of the discussion, or point, he lowers his tone to signify near ending. Similarly, Eric pauses just before emphasizing important ideas. This strategy is useful for capturing the attention of his listeners so that they do not miss on important points. Moreover, he uses fast tones to indicate excitement in particular ideas while slowing to show loss of excitement. Finally, Eric appreciates the role of dialogue. Through the presentation, he allows his listeners to contribute as well as ask for clarification. When it is time for dialogue, he pauses to indicate to his audience that they are free to help. Opinion on the Presentation This essay underlines that the presentation is nearly perfect with Erics understanding of the art of eloquence and its importance. The speaker has used gestures to express his attitude to his topic and following points. At the same time, through Erics gestures, listeners had the opportunity to understand the extent of truth in his presentation. Moreover, through gestures, he can emphasize the importance of his introduction to the audience. Similarly, the essay also shows that Eric maximizes on his audiences attention. Throughout, he only loses the minimum possible attention of his audience through tonal variation or precisely, tonal pausing. This presentation is among the most viewed YouTube presentations. Summary Summing up,the speaker makes the most out of the facial expressions, gestures, tonal variation, and words. The essay also shows that the first tool of a good communication is body language. This claim is also evident from the presentation addressed in this study. The article also acknowledges that as speakers continue their performances, the attention of their listeners may waiver. This attention may be won again through tonal pausing.

Jupiter Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Jupiter Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Jupiter Jupiter , ktory je znami od staroveku, je pi atou planetou vporadi od Slnka aprva azarove najvacsia zplynnych obrov. Je to najvacsia planeta slnecnej sustavy, bol teda pravom pomenovany po vladcovi rimskych bohov. Jupiter je asi 11-krat vacsi ako nasa Zem , a jeho hmotnos je 2,5-krat vacsia ako je hmotnos ostatnych planet dokopy. Na oblohe je pozorovateny po vacsinu roka ako vemi napadny objekt . Jupiter navstivilo uz 7 vyskumnych sond. Jeden obeh okolo Slnka trva Jupiteru takmer 12 rokov . Je to najrychlejsie rotujuca planeta. Jeden de na Jupiteri trva priblizne 10 hodin. Jupiter nema pevny povrch . Predpoklada sa, ze ma len male pevn e jadro, obklopene kvapalnym vnutornym plasom. Na povrchu Jupitera su pozorovatene roznofarebne pasy. Su to vlastne mraky, ktore vytvaraju pasy a zony a obiehaju Jupiter, kvoli jeho vysokej rotacnej rychlosti , rovnobezne srovnikom. Pasy su tmave, nizko leziace, horuce vrstvy mrakov. Zony su, naopak, jasne, vysoko polozene, chladnejsie vrstvy mrakov. Vo vnutri tychto oblakov sa vytvaraju obrovske burky. Najvacsou anajznamejsou burkou je Veka cervena skvrna, polozena na juznej pologuli Jupitera. Jupiter ma - zatia objavenych - 67 mesiacov . Najznamejsie mesiace su: Io , Europa, Kalist o a Ganymedes - tiez su zname ako Galileiho mesiace. Ma prstence - nie su tak dobre viditene ako pri napr. Saturne .

Sales Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 9

Sales Management - Essay Example The identification of the needs of the customers helps sales persons in approaching them. Well-built business relationships between the sales person and the customer, provides the customer with an ease to communicate their expectations from the product or services and aid the salesperson in easily capturing the customers’ knowing their requirements (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2008). Customers enter into a process of purchasing a product on the basis of the purchase situation. A purchase situation refers to the relationship or interaction of the buyer with the business, for instance, it may be a new business and the first time the customer shows his willingness to purchase from a particular business, or it may be a longstanding relationship with the business running for several years. The multi-attribute matrix of buyers is an important tool for the salesperson to understand the requirements of the customer, satisfy their needs and build their relationship stronger in terms of pri oritizing the products with attributes which are appreciated or important to the customers like price, quality, quantity and so on (Tanner, Honeycutt, & Erffmeyer, 2009). Customers need a salesperson who has the understanding of their choice and requirements. It helps the customers in getting the right product, at the right price, on the right time with less effort. Such a system of relationships between buyers and sellers help in customer satisfaction and reliance on the seller’s advice. This trust and reliance is basically on the convincing power of the salesperson along with their presentation style for a particular product (Kurtz et. al., 2009 p. 310). Organizations and salesperson can work hand in hand to build stronger customer-seller relationship. The relationship between customers and the company lies in the goodwill of the brand. The brand name is the recognition factor for the customers for a business. Building a strong brand name, however, is not an easy task. It requires

THE ELECTRIC TOWN CAR COMPANY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THE ELECTRIC TOWN CAR COMPANY - Essay Example The variable costs of the product amount to 2000 pounds. Based on these two figures the contribution margin of a sale of a car towards the fixed costs of the company is 3000 pounds. The total fixed costs of the company which includes overhead related to administration costs, marketing, research and development and other costs is 150 million pounds. The end result of the breakeven analysis illustrated in appendix A is the company must sell 50,000 car units per year for the revenues of the company to equal its expenses. The pricing point chosen by the company of 5000 pounds is between 4% and 16% lower than the competition. The ETC project requires a capital investment of 500 million pounds to be invested in buildings, machinery, office equipment, information technology system and other fixed assets. The investors interested in the project stipulated a minimum 15% return of investment (ROI). Appendix B provides a price sensitivity analysis that shows the annual demand of the ETC product depending on the price point of the car. The Electric Town Car Company had a requirement of a 15% return on investment. At the original price of 5000 pounds the company produces a profit of 54 million pounds, but the return on the original investment is 10.8%, which is below the 15% requirement. In order to achieve the desired ROI the company must lower its price from 5000 pounds to 4600 pounds. At the 4600 pound price with a unit output level of 85,000 units the company obtains a 16.92% return on investment. It is r ecommended that the company operate at the 90,000 units full capacity output selling its product at 4600 pounds. At this price and output the return of investment increases to 19.68%. All the figures depicted in this paragraph are illustrated in Appendix B. An initial requirement for the potential investors in the ETC project is to obtain a return on investment of 15%. This ROI based on an initial investment of requires the company to

Chinese-English code-switching in Fashion Magazines Essay

Chinese-English code-switching in Fashion Magazines - Essay Example The essay "Chinese-English code-switching in Fashion Magazines" concerns the Fashion Magazines and Chinese-English code-switching in them. Editors of fashion magazines pay close attention to the contexts of linguistics and how they relate to the reader. Catalogues of genre and cultural meaning play important roles in determining and feeding into target audiences so that the magazines make a profit. Both utilizations of code-switching describe how readers view text and absorb it from various geographical areas. The term code-switching derives from the linguistic term denoting the concurrent utilization of more than a single language in conversation. John Gibbons made the first major attempt to study it at Hong Kong University where the students spoke ‘university talk’. It is especially used in context of sociocultural linguistics, which is the study of how linguistic structure clarifies how a speaker’s selectivity of a specific language is influenced by social cont exts in which it is given. In the middle of the English sentence, the Chinese symbol for â€Å"a† and â€Å"whose† is inserted rather than the English word. The hypothesized reason to why this occurs is due to the fact that bilinguals are not completely efficient in the second language. The variety of contexts may be race, gender, ethnicity, age, and sexuality. These factors are acknowledged when implementing code-switching into media forms like magazines. Magazines are a main media source used because of how broad of an audience it reaches. The age group can vary from teens to the elderly and has the capability to reach its audience members via stores, mail, street stands, etc. Fashion in particular has dominated the market since the eighteenth century when the first Gentleman’s magazine came out in London (Ashish, 2009). This is why code-switching has been incorporated into this form of media outlet in an effort to get the target audience to respond in the des ired manner. In Japan, the implication of foreign language into magazines of fashion is not subsidiary to any subject restrictions (Haarmann, 2000). With such a limitless palette in which to work with, the editors as well as advertisers were able to target their audience better. The four context motivators to utilizing code-switching first came to light in the late 1970s when Cantonese-English code-switching arose in Hong Kong (David and Li, 2003). Euphemism was a sociolinguistic phenomenon that illustrated relation connections with the community with its focus being to relay the intended message of the speaker (Wenzhao, 2001). It is the act of replacing a potentially rude or offensive word with a lesser one, not only to appease the listener but to protect the speaker from trouble. Although, it can be amusing, it can be misleading. Bilingual punning derived from the intent to assign double meaning (David and Li, 2003). The way it is done is by taking two different words in two diffe rent languages and combining them into a sentence to form a joke or amusing sentence, hence the term pun. In this context, the meaning of specificity is not far from what it implies in that English is used in place of Chinese/Cantonese words for either the reason that the English word is more specific or general (David and Li, 2003). Therefore, the sentence is issued the way it was initially intended. Lastly, the

Introduction to Marketing Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Marketing Essay You have been employed as a marketing intern with one of the UK’s largest marketing agencies and have been set various assignments to complete during your one-year internship. You will be required to demonstrate your research skills on various projects related to marketing, research and planning, marketing mix and online marketing. Task 1 P1 Describe how marketing techniques are used to market products in two organisations Due date: Refer to front sheet for date  M1 Compare marketing techniques used in marketing products in two organisations You are helping the marketing manager organise a ‘Marketing in Business’ conference. Your manager wants you to find out how other organisations use marketing techniques and has asked you to prepare a 10 minute presentation that you will deliver at the conference. You have been  asked to produce a leaflet to support the presentation, comparing the organisation. You have also been asked to produce speaker notes, which will be handed out at the conference. What to include in your presentation: Introduce your two organisations, their business and marketing objectives Describe what marketing is and why organisations use various techniques Describe clearly the marketing techniques they use to market a particular product/service or product range What to include in the leaflet: Compare the similarities and differences between the use of marketing techniques in your two organisations Growth Strategies (Ansoff’s Matrix) Survival Strategies Branding and Brand positioning Relationship marketing Due date: Refer to front sheet for date Task 2 Following your presentation about marketing techniques, you discovered that marketing activity is regulated and monitored by various bodies, codes of practice and laws. Using the 2 scenarios below, investigate and respond by letter to both: P2 Describe the limitation and constraints of marketing on the business. Suggested letter content: Introduce yourself and the department you work for.  Describe why abiding by marketing rules and regulations is necessary Identify the legal rules that apply to the case  Identify the voluntary factors that would apply to the case.  Stress the consequences of failing to comply with the legal and voluntary constraints. Due date: Refer to front sheet for date Scenario 1 A business organisation named â€Å"Fantasy† has recently spent 10 million pounds launching a new perfume. Fantasy has advertised on television as well as on YouTube. The advertisement is proving to be an international success and has raised a lot of interest from the young audience it is hoping to attract. Most importantly sales of the perfume have doubled over the last few months.  However, there have been a number of complaints regarding the content of the advertisement. For instance there are concerns with regards to nudity, language and the suitability of the advertisement for a younger audience. Of particular concern are the number of complaints that Fantasy use extreme methods when testing their products on animals. A number of pressure groups have campaigned for the ban of this advertisement from TV screens. Your task You have been asked to write a formal letter to Fantasy Head Office, Customer Complaints Division, identifying the limitations and constraints of marketing activities especially those that are relevant to the above scenario. Scenario 2 You have recently purchased a new mobile phone on arriving home you realise that the phone is unable to carry out the functions that you were promised. The phone was considerably expensive and you saved up for months in order to be able to buy it. However, when visiting the store you were offered the opportunity to purchase the product on credit. The store has also advised you it would be more efficient if you went on to their website and brought the product online and they have offered you a further discount for doing so. Two weeks later you are still waiting for your mobile phone to arrive. To make matters worse once you signed up for this product you have been bombarded with cold calls from other mobile phone companies, you fear that your personal details have been given out to other organisations without your consent. Your task How are you protected as a consumer? You must write a formal letter to the Office of Fair Trading expressing your concerns. You must identify the relevant Acts and regulations that protect you as a consumer. Due date: Refer to front sheet for date Task 3 P3 Describe how a selected organisation uses marketing research to contribute to the development of its marketing plans P4 Use marketing research for marketing planning  You have been approached by a new company that is interested in finding out  whether they should invest heavily in market research. Your first task is to produce a poster presentation on marketing research and planning, that you will deliver to the Board of Directors. Your suggested presentation content: Choose an organisation and agree choice with your teacher (www.thetimes100.co.uk case studies is a useful resource to use) Describe marketing research and marketing planning.  Describe the marketing research that is used by your organisation Describe how the marketing research collected is used by the organisation in their marketing planning Now you need to carry out marketing planning using marketing research Select an existing product/service or potential product/service for your organisation. Conduct primary and secondary research into customer perceptions and market analysis for the product/service and make proposals on how the organisation’s marketing planning can be developed. This should include a PESTLE/SWOT analysis, which shows the research you have conducted into your product. Your marketing plan should include the following: 1. Set clear SMART objectives regarding what you want your product or service to achieve 2. Conduct primary and secondary research on your product or service. 3. Conduct a SWOT analysis highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of your product or service. 4. Conduct a PESTLE analysis, analysing the external environment and the impact this may have on your product or service. 5. Write a brief summary with regards to your findings. Due date: Refer to front sheet for date M2 Explain the limitations of marketing research used to contribute to the development of a selected organisation’s marketing plans D2 Make justified recommendations for improving the validity of the marketing research used to contribute to the development of a selected organisation’s marketing plans. Considering limitations of market research Your task is to identify and explain the limitations of the market research methods used by your organisation. You will need to submit a formal report  of the limitations that you have spoken about, for the directors. You have been asked to write a formal report to the Head of Market Research at Hammersmith and Fulham. You have to make recommendations on how they can improve the validity of marketing research used for marketing planning. Introduce yourself, your role and who you work for Explain why you are writing to the organisation. Make at least 3 recommendations for improving the validity of market research used by your organisation Provide a justification for each recommendation you make. End your report with an offer to help if they require more information. Due date: Refer to front sheet for date Task 4 P5 Explain how and why groups of customers are targeted for selected products You have been asked to develop a visual poster to explain how and why groups of customers are targeted for products. You should: Explain what is meant by market segmentation and DMU’s Explain the difference between customers, consumers and buyers Select 6 different target groups (this should include both B2C and B2B) and give examples of products that are aimed at them and why). Due date: Refer to front sheet for date Task 5 A dynamic new company have approached your marketing agency and want you to help come up with an exciting new marketing campaign. You will produce a 10 minute presentation on the marketing mix. Propose a marketing mix based on your research to a clearly defined group of potential customers. P6 Develop a coherent marketing mix for a new product or service M3 Develop a coherent marketing mix that is targeted at a defined group of potential customers. Using the research from your previous task you will now give a presentation of the new marketing mix you propose. Suggested presentation content: You will need to think about how you are going to present the marketing mix for the company (Product, Price, Promotion and Place). The product or service  that you choose does not have to be entirely new, it could be an established product or service introduced to a new market The marketing mix must be clearly targeted to a defined group of potential customers and needs to be detailed and clear so that all the 4P’s meet the exact needs and aspirations of the target group of customers. Due date: Refer to front sheet for date

The Fifth Agreement: A Practical Guide to Self-Mastery, by Miguel Ruiz and Jose Ruiz :: Essays on The Fifth Agreement

My life experience might be simple, but I have learned a lot from my life. It is not necessary that someone’s experience has to be a good one to talk about; the point is he should have a passion to learn lessons from it. Every time you go through a bitter experience either in your travels, work, or somewhere else, I would have to say â€Å"Congrats! You have got a story to tell your grandsons someday.† I have learnt a lot of lessons from this life and taught myself beautiful lessons. I taught myself to stand firm, never give up, and do my best. I have taught myself to say â€Å"yes† whenever I feel that I need to refuse, and I have taught myself to say â€Å"no† whenever the temptations are floating around me. I have learned that if I want to live happily, I have to be able to say â€Å"no† as I can say â€Å"yes.† Just by these two simple words, I changed myself and took control over it. â€Å"Be impeccable with your words† (27) is the first agreement that Miguel Ruiz and Jose Ruiz want to make an agreement with their readers in their book, â€Å"The Fifth Agreement.† By words, you can communicate with other people and tell them your opinions. The power of the word should not be underestimated; in some cases, it might be so tender that you can gain people to be in our side, but it might blow like a storm and pull out people’s real feelings. Ruiz in his book says â€Å"you are going to use the word to express the truth in every thought, in every action, in every word you use to describe yourself, to describe your own life story† (39). One should be really careful in choosing the right words in the right times. I worked once in a team of freelancers for a courier company. I faced a problem while programing their website, and the supervisor of the team, who was from the company, asked me to take an immediate action. I replied to her quickly and said â€Å"I cannot do this until I discuss it with my team leader.† Her face turned red, and I just didn’t know what to do, so I looked into my laptop screen pretending I am working. Since then she saw me as a weak team player; whenever she wanted to ask about the project, she asked another teammate instead of me.

Deception Point Page 14

â€Å"Delta-One,† he said, speaking into the transmitter. The two words were instantly identified by the voice recognition software inside the device. Each word was then assigned a reference number, which was encrypted and sent via satellite to the caller. On the caller's end, at a similar device, the numbers were decrypted, translated back into words using a predetermined, self-randomizing dictionary. Then the words were spoken aloud by a synthetic voice. Total delay, eighty milliseconds. â€Å"Controller, here,† said the person overseeing the operation. The robotic tone of the CrypTalk was eerie-inorganic and androgynous. â€Å"What is your op status?† â€Å"Everything proceeding as planned,† Delta-One replied. â€Å"Excellent. I have an update on the time frame. The information goes public tonight at eight P.M. Eastern.† Delta-One checked his chronograph. Only eight more hours. His job here would be finished soon. That was encouraging. â€Å"There is another development,† the controller said. â€Å"A new player has entered the arena.† â€Å"What new player?† Delta-One listened. An interesting gamble. Someone out there was playing for keeps. â€Å"Do you think she can be trusted?† â€Å"She needs to be watched very closely.† â€Å"And if there is trouble?† There was no hesitation on the line. â€Å"Your orders stand.† 16 Rachel Sexton had been flying due north for over an hour. Other than a fleeting glimpse of Newfoundland, she had seen nothing but water beneath the F-14 for the entire journey. Why did it have to be water? she thought, grimacing. Rachel had plunged through the ice on a frozen pond while ice-skating when she was seven. Trapped beneath the surface, she was certain she would die. It had been her mother's powerful grasp that finally yanked Rachel's waterlogged body to safety. Ever since that harrowing ordeal, Rachel had battled a persistent case of hydrophobia-a distinct wariness of open water, especially cold water. Today, with nothing but the North Atlantic as far as Rachel could see, her old fears had come creeping back. Not until the pilot checked his bearings with Thule airbase in northern Greenland did Rachel realize how far they had traveled. I'm above the Arctic Circle? The revelation intensified her uneasiness. Where are they taking me? What has NASA found? Soon the blue-gray expanse below her became speckled with thousands of stark white dots. Icebergs. Rachel had seen icebergs only once before in her life, six years ago when her mother persuaded Rachel to join her on an Alaskan mother-daughter cruise. Rachel had suggested a number of alternative land-based vacations, but her mother was insistent. â€Å"Rachel, honey,† her mother had said, â€Å"two thirds of this planet is covered with water, and sooner or later, you've got to learn to deal with it.† Mrs. Sexton was a resilient New Englander intent on raising a strong daughter. The cruise had been the last trip Rachel and her mother ever took. Katherine Wentworth Sexton. Rachel felt a distant pang of loneliness. Like the howling wind outside the plane, the memories came tearing back, pulling at her the way they always did. Their final conversation had been by phone. Thanksgiving morning. â€Å"I'm so sorry, Mom,† Rachel said, phoning home from a snowbound O'Hare airport. â€Å"I know our family has never spent Thanksgiving Day apart. It looks like today will be our first.† Rachel's mom sounded crushed. â€Å"I was so looking forward to seeing you.† â€Å"Me too, Mom. Think of me eating airport food while you and Dad feast on turkey.† There was a pause on the line. â€Å"Rachel, I wasn't going to tell you until you got here, but your father says he has too much work to make it home this year. He'll be staying at his D.C. suite for the long weekend.† â€Å"What!† Rachel's surprise gave way immediately to anger. â€Å"But, it's Thanksgiving. The Senate isn't in session! He's less than two hours away. He should be with you!† â€Å"I know. He says he's exhausted-far too tired to drive. He's decided he needs to spend this weekend curled up with his backlog of work.† Work? Rachel was skeptical. A more likely guess was that Senator Sexton would be curled up with another woman. His infidelities, though discreet, had been going on for years. Mrs. Sexton was no fool, but her husband's affairs were always accompanied by persuasive alibis and pained indignity at the mere suggestion he could be unfaithful. Finally, Mrs. Sexton saw no alternative but to bury her pain by turning a blind eye. Although Rachel had urged her mother to consider divorce, Katherine Wentworth Sexton was a woman of her word. Till death do us part, she told Rachel. Your father blessed me with you-a beautiful daughter-and for that I thank him. He will have to answer for his actions to a higher power someday. Now, standing in the airport, Rachel's anger was simmering. â€Å"But, this means you'll be alone for Thanksgiving!† She felt sick to her stomach. The senator deserting his family on Thanksgiving Day was a new low, even for him. â€Å"Well†¦,† Mrs. Sexton said, her voice disappointed but decisive. â€Å"I obviously can't let all this food go to waste. I'll drive it up to Aunt Ann's. She's always invited us up for Thanksgiving. I'll give her a call right now.† Rachel felt only marginally less guilty. â€Å"Okay. I'll be home as soon as I can. I love you, Mom.† â€Å"Safe flight, sweetheart.† It was 10:30 that night when Rachel's taxi finally pulled up the winding driveway of the Sextons' luxurious estate. Rachel immediately knew something was wrong. Three police cars sat in the driveway. Several news vans too. All the house lights were on. Rachel dashed in, her heart racing. A Virginia State policeman met her at the doorway. His face was grim. He didn't have to say a word. Rachel knew. There had been an accident. â€Å"Route Twenty-five was slick with freezing rain,† the officer said. â€Å"Your mother went off the road into a wooded ravine. I'm sorry. She died on impact.† Rachel's body went numb. Her father, having returned immediately when he got the news, was now in the living room holding a small press conference, stoically announcing to the world that his wife had passed away in a crash on her way back from Thanksgiving dinner with family. Rachel stood in the wings, sobbing through the entire event. â€Å"I only wish,† her father told the media, his eyes tearful, â€Å"that I had been home for her this weekend. This never would have happened.† You should have thought of that years ago, Rachel cried, her loathing for her father deepening with every passing instant. From that moment on, Rachel divorced herself from her father in the way Mrs. Sexton never had. The senator barely seemed to notice. He suddenly had gotten very busy using his late wife's fortunes to begin courting his party's nomination for president. The sympathy vote didn't hurt either. Cruelly now, three years later, even at a distance the senator was making Rachel's life lonely. Her father's run for the White House had put Rachel's dreams of meeting a man and starting a family on indefinite hold. For Rachel it had become far easier to take herself completely out of the social game than to deal with the endless stream of power-hungry Washingtonian suitors hoping to snag a grieving, potential â€Å"first daughter† while she was still in their league. Outside the F-14, the daylight had started to fade. It was late winter in the Arctic-a time of perpetual darkness. Rachel realized she was flying into a land of permanent night. As the minutes passed, the sun faded entirely, dropping below the horizon. They continued north, and a brilliant three-quarter moon appeared, hanging white in the crystalline glacial air. Far below, the ocean waves shimmered, the icebergs looking like diamonds sewn into a dark sequin mesh.