Special Education Implementation For Native American Girls Essay

additional Education Implementation For Native American Girls tint education for children has been an ongoing issue for todays society. There has alike been an increasing concern for the education of students with special needs. The effect of these concerns has been noted in many communities, such as the Native American community. The population of special education students in the Native American communities is not necessarily higher than others, however, their community is effected, therefore also in need of quality special education programs. The need for quality special education is strongly felt by the women and girls within the Native American subtlety because of the pressures of their cultures and societies. Woman and girls have always held distinctive roles within the Native American community. These role have withstood the test of time. In a discussion with Juan Zuniga, a multilingual educator with an emphasis on Hispanic and American Indian cultures , I found that women in the Native American society are very a good deal so, encouraged to stay at home and be homemakers. They are far less likely to pursue further education and often find it trouble approximately to gain the support to complete high school. The importance of education among females in their society is not as predominant as in others (J.Zuniga). In some cases it is necessary for young Indian people to leave their homes and families to obtain an adequate education for the preparation of todays society (National Indian Child Conference 1979). They are also faced with being torn between modern American ways and their tribal customs and beliefs. Because of this it is often instilled in them that they are incapable of achieving. This sense of ego worthlessness ... ...e, Michael, and Others. Your Rights A Handbook for Native American Youth in Arizona. Washington, D.C. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1982. Foster, Carl G., and Gable, Emma. The Indian Child in Special Education Two Persons Perceptions. ERIC, 1980. Grossman, Herbert. Special Education In A Diverse Society. Allyn and Bacon Boston, 1994. Report of The National Indian Child Conference. Administration for Children, Youth, and Families Washington, D.C., 1979. Resource Directory Migrant and Indian Exceptional Children. Department of Education Washington, D.C., 1981. Winzer, Margret A. The History of Special Education From Isolation to Integration. Gallaudet University Press Washington, D.C., 1993. Zuniga, Barbara. Personal Interview. March 26, 1999. Zuniga, Juan. Personal Interview. March 25, 1999.

Martin Luther :: History

Martin Luther When studying the facets of Western Civilization, a few recurring questions moldiness be analyzed. Will those in power abuse it? Unfortunately, yes. Does freedom spawn intellectual, technological and social progress? For the most part, yes. Was Martin Luther, in historical terms, a lousy ass? Carter Lindberg states in his book The European Reformations, An initial move to control the complicated and multifaceted reality of the Reformation is to define the terms used for it and the date of reference it covers. In order to secure Luther in the annuals of history as a bad ass, one must not only clarify the characteristics of that title, but also view his accomplishments in a 21st Century frame of reference. First, it should be determined which historical figures might fall into the category of being labelled a bad ass. At this point, the common characteristics of a historical bad ass will become evident. Second, after determining these characteristics, they then must b e applied to Luther and the result will be forthcoming. Possible historical bad asses (chronologically) Hammurabi, Socrates, Alexander the Great, Hannibal, Marc Antony, Julius Caesar, Jesus Christ, Augustus Casear, Muhammad, William the Conqueror, Genghis Kahn, Leonardo da Vinci, Magellan, Louis XIV, Thomas Jefferson, Vclav Havel, Roberto Baggio and Bill Clinton. barely looking at this shortlist, its noticeable that most of these men were in a position of power. Except for Socrates, Jesus, Leonardo, Magellan and Baggio, these individuals were in a position of direct semipolitical or military authority and in some cases both. Lets take a more detailed look at Alexander, Hannibal, Jesus, Muhammad and Magellan. Alexander the Great- intelligence of King Phillip of Macedonia. He was tutored by Aristotle and despite his classical education became one of the greatest military geniuses ever. At the time of this death, Alexander commanded an conglomerate that stretched from the Mediterra nean lav to Persia. Glenn Blackburn, author of Western Civilization A Concise History Vol. 1, gives this description of Alexander. Some historians believe that he was simply a great military loss leader who knew well how to fight and conquer. Others see Alexander as what he claimed to be, an apostle of Greek culture who used Greek language and institutions to unify a cosmopolitan empire (p.82). Alexanders greatness was even acknowledged in the motion picture Die Hard. The films antagonist, Hans Gruber remarks, And when Alexander saw the breadth of his domain, he wept.

Philosophy - Are we Willing to Accept the Changes that Philosophical T

school of thought - Are we Willing to Accept the Changes that Philosophical Thinking can Bring? Philosophy is a general overview of how our community functions, by how we think and the many ways in which we act. It can also be described as the love of wisdom. As individuals we are introduced to ideas that test our companionship of the different concepts of life history, with questions such(prenominal) as who are we and why were we brought here? Philosophical questions have made an impact on us with thoughts that dont usually have an do to the question which was brought forward, and to which neither side knows the answer to. For thousands of years mankind has questioned the origins of human life and the nature of the cosmos. Over the years, great philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle philosophized such questions as What is the meaning of life on Earth? What were the circumstances that caused us to wonder ab proscribed why we are here? And which method for searching for the m eaning of life do we prefer? Such questions have also boggled my mind. The philosophy of ones life, can only be answered by that person whom it consumes. Philosophy and our nonchalant lives are closely linked to each other. At work and or school we are sometimes bombarded with questions that may occasionally affect our way of thinking, and in some cases our moral beliefs. In the community, we are subjected to things that become integrated into our lives, and we are left with the agony of trying to figure out the right or amiss(p) answer, wh... Philosophy - Are we Willing to Accept the Changes that Philosophical TPhilosophy - Are we Willing to Accept the Changes that Philosophical Thinking can Bring? Philosophy is a general overview of how our society functions, by how we think and the many ways in which we act. It can also be described as the love of wisdom. As individuals we are introduced to ideas that test our knowledge of the different concepts of life, with questions such as who are we and why were we brought here? Philosophical questions have made an impact on us with thoughts that dont usually have an answer to the question which was brought forward, and to which neither side knows the answer to. For thousands of years mankind has questioned the origins of human life and the nature of the cosmos. Over the years, great philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle philosophized such questions as What is the meaning of life on Earth? What were the circumstances that caused us to wonder about why we are here? And which method for searching for the meaning of life do we prefer? Such questions have also boggled my mind. The philosophy of ones life, can only be answered by that person whom it consumes. Philosophy and our daily lives are closely linked to each other. At work and or school we are sometimes bombarded with questions that may occasionally affect our way of thinking, and in some cases our moral beliefs. In the community, we are subje cted to things that become integrated into our lives, and we are left with the agony of trying to figure out the right or wrong answer, wh...

Essay example --

Topic I am studying about heritage rows and bilingualism because I want to find out how ones language shapes his or her identity in an increasingly globalized society in order to understand why there is still a fear among umteen immigrants and their descendants of teaching their children their heritage language. Based on the science and research done on bilingualism, learning a heritage or second language while growing up has minimal to no adverse affects on language development and social class. Rather, language presents an opportunity to elevate ones culture, personality, and identity. For America, heritage and second language education is vital to sustaining its worldwide influence as the world becomes more globalized.Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola Its Beautiful Official 60. YouTube. YouTube, 2 February2014. Web. 2 February 2014.The main claim of this Coca-Cola commercial is that every American, regardless of ethnicity, religion, and sexuality, enjoys drinking Coca-Cola and so the audie nce should as well. The sub-claim here is that America is a nation consisting of diverse individuals with backgrounds stemming from about the world. The grounds for this sub-claim are the various scenes in which a variety of Americans are depicted enjoying the freedoms of America with America the Beautiful being sung in double languages in the background. This Coca-Cola commercial appeals to the pathos of the American audience with the incorporation of the iconic, patriotic song and the breadth of minorities represented in the video. The multilingual singing of the song had to be a deliberate choice since Coca-Cola could have very easily shown the same clips of the diverse Americans with the English version. This implies that Coca-Co... ... childs life may simply soupcon to greater psychological difficulties because of the childs overwhelming feeling of abandonment. I intend to juxtapose these two pieces in my paper. De Houwers article coincides the most with Landaus in that bot h agree bilingualism does not create any significant child development issues and that the benefits outweigh the costs. The language used in this article is think for a general audience, which can promote discussions and questions. As for the credibility of de Houwer, she is currently Professor of Language Acquisition and Language Teaching at the University of Erfurt in Germany, and she is to a great extent involved with multiple linguistics organizations. At the time of this articles writing, she taught at the University of Antwerp and Science Foundation of Flanders, Belgium. Therefore, this is clearly a scholarly, credible source.

Patriot Act Violates Civil Liberties Essay -- Political Science Politi

Since the terrorist suicide bombed the world trade center and a wing of the pentagon, there has been a change in the relationship between the United States organization and the people. The executive branch has taken steps that undermine the principles in the United States constitution. In order to ensure a more democratic society, we have to tell the difference between effective governing and individual freedom. There is one main topic Im going to spill about how the 1st amendment, 4th amendment, 5th amendment, and 6th amendment are being eroded by the USA PARTRIOT Act which introduced a overabundance of legislative changes which advantageously increased the surveillance and investigative powers of law enforcement agencies in the United States.The First Amendment protects our rights of free speech and assembly, the independence of the press, and prohibits official establishment or unfair animadversion of any particular religion. Free speech rights can be thought of as having two parts, the right to have free access to ideas, and the right to pronounce ideas freely. The right to calm assembly goes with free speech given that demonstrations and other political activity are protected as expressive behavior. While government actions threaten all these rights stated by the First Amendment, it is our free speech and assembly rights which are most at risk. The USA PATRIOT Act contains aliment that will malefactorize peoples legitimate expressions of their political views. For example, the Act creates a new category of crime domestic terrorism blurs the line between speech and criminal activity. Section 802 of the Act defines domestic terrorism as acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of criminal laws that appear to be inten... ...tee against haughty and malicious persecution of individuals by the state by weakening those protections, the government has opened the doors to new encroachments on the liberties that all residents of the United States r ightfully enjoy. References1. http//action.aclu.org/reformthepatriotact/2. http//64.233.187.104/search?q=cache1jKHd-GzeoMJwww.aclu.org/Files/getFile.cfm%3Fid%3D10897+ cultured+liberties+after+9/11&hl=en3. http//www.counterpunch.org/lazarus0925.html author EDWARD LAZARUS4. http//www.counterpunch.org/cassel10182004.html author ELAINE CASSEL5. http//www.aclunc.org/911/chronology.html 6. http//www.garynull.com/Documents/ACLU/911_report.htm 7. http//www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/usapatriot/8. http//www.slate.com/id/2087984/9. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Act10. http//www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/hr3162.html

Patriot Act Violates Civil Liberties Essay -- Political Science Politi

Since the terrorist suicide bombed the world trade center and a wing of the pentagon, there has been a change in the relationship between the United States giving medication and the people. The executive branch has taken steps that undermine the principles in the United States constitution. In order to ensure a more democratic society, we have to tell the difference between effective governing and individual freedom. There is one main topic Im going to chide about how the 1st amendment, 4th amendment, 5th amendment, and 6th amendment are being eroded by the USA PARTRIOT Act which introduced a overabundance of legislative changes which substantially increased the surveillance and investigative powers of law enforcement agencies in the United States.The First Amendment protects our rights of free speech and assembly, the independence of the press, and prohibits official establishment or unfair critical review of any particular religion. Free speech rights can be thought of as havin g two parts, the right to have free access to ideas, and the right to declare ideas freely. The right to calm assembly goes with free speech given that demonstrations and other political activity are protected as expressive behavior. While government actions threaten all these rights stated by the First Amendment, it is our free speech and assembly rights which are most at risk. The USA PATRIOT Act contains nutrition that will wickedize peoples legitimate expressions of their political views. For example, the Act creates a new category of crime domestic terrorism blurs the line between speech and criminal activity. Section 802 of the Act defines domestic terrorism as acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of criminal laws that appear to be inten... ...tee against haughty and malicious persecution of individuals by the state by weakening those protections, the government has opened the doors to new encroachments on the liberties that all residents of the United States rightfully enjoy. References1. http//action.aclu.org/reformthepatriotact/2. http//64.233.187.104/search?q=cache1jKHd-GzeoMJwww.aclu.org/Files/getFile.cfm%3Fid%3D10897+ civilised+liberties+after+9/11&hl=en3. http//www.counterpunch.org/lazarus0925.html author EDWARD LAZARUS4. http//www.counterpunch.org/cassel10182004.html author ELAINE CASSEL5. http//www.aclunc.org/911/chronology.html 6. http//www.garynull.com/Documents/ACLU/911_report.htm 7. http//www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/usapatriot/8. http//www.slate.com/id/2087984/9. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Act10. http//www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/hr3162.html

Immigrants in Singapore

Name Clara Soo Wen Lin (4) Class 2E History Holiday SEQ Assignment suspense 1(a) Immigrants came to early capital of Singapore due to push factors such(prenominal) as famines and droughts as comfortably as natural disasters and starvation, and the desire to seek protection and safety. India was overpopulated and the immigrants faced some droughts and natural disasters in their homeland. After droughts wiped out their crops and resulted in famine, more would be forced to find jobs in the city in order to earn a living to feed their families. However, jobs were scarce which caused many of them to seek employment outside of India.With the prospect of finding jobs outside, this would at least give them a chance to survive. in addition in China, with famines and droughts being a common occurrence, accompanied by the shortage of fertile land for crop cultivation, a huge portion of the population who break downed as labourers or farmers resulted in starving. Furthermore, t here(predic ate) was much disorder and unrest in China as the people were trying to overthrow the corrupted Qing government, resulting in many Chinese seeking protection and safety outside China.On the coastal areas in the Malay Archipelago, pirate attacks were frequents in war-torn areas in Sumatra, Java and Malaya, smell was extremely unsafe, which was why many Malays were pushed to leave their homeland. Therefore, the first reason why immigrants came to early Singapore was because of push factors such as famines and droughts as well as natural disasters and starvation, and the desire to seek protection and safety.Pull factors which brought many immigrants to Singapore was because Singapore can provide more job and business opportunities as well as better living conditions, the free immigration policies and not to for build that Singapore was a free trading port. As saucilys of the nameing of Singapore spread to neighbouring countries and even the countries as far away as India and China, many make outrs and shippers were attracted to Singapore where they could enjoy freedom of trade, which meant that they did not have to pay any springer duties or taxes on goods they brought into, or out of, Singapore.Singapore as well as served as a efficient trading centre where the British traders could sell their goods to people passim Southeast Asia. Large numbers of people from the Malay Archipelago, Southeast Asia, India, China and other parts of the world flocked to Singapore to trade or to look for work because of the free immigration policies which meant that the immigrants were allowed to come and go as they pleased. As there was no warfare in Singapore then, it provided the Malays with a peaceful and safe dwelling to settle down into.In this manner, Singapore in the 19th century was like a magnet which attracted many immigrants due to the many pull factors such as free immigration policies, freedom of trade, more job and business opportunities as well as better livi ng conditions. Question 1(b) I coincide to a large extent that the success of Singapore as a prosperous trading centre depended solely on the contributions of the migrant workers who came to Singapore in the 19th century. To shape Singapore into what it is today a successful and prosperous trading centre was mainly due to the presence of trade activities and revenue earned.However, it did not depend on the immigrants solely as Farquhar and Raffles were key figures in solving the problems brought about by the migrant workers along with their contributions to Singapore. The Malays contributed to trade by legal transfer in straits arouse like coffee, birds nests, spices and rice from the East Indies to Singapore. Straits produce are the products that are grown in the East Indies. These Straits produce helped to widen the variety of goods being traded between Singapore and other countries. Therefore, trade was enhanced.In the aspect of education, some Malays who were educated worke d as journalists or teachers. One storied example is Munshi Abdullah who could speak many languages and also wrote books about the early Singapore. Malays were also expert boat-builders. Besides making boats for traders, they also served as sailors and officers on the ships. former(a)s worked as policemen, fishermen and watchmen. The Chinese also made many contributions from middlemen to merchants and planters. Some Chinese businessmen acted as middlemen between the British and the non-English speaking traders.They bought straits produce from the Asians and sold them to the British. Most of the middlemen were Peranakans. Among them were burn Kim Seng and Tan Tock Seng. Some Chinese were shopkeepers who sold daily needs like cloth, medicine and provisions. Hoo Ah Kay was a shopkeeper who supplied ships with bread and vegetables. He also owned a bakery and an accessories shop. He owned a large gambier plantation and he was the first businessman who produced cash crops in large amoun t. Other than the above mentioned, Chinese also served as skilled labourers like carpenters, barbers and goldsmiths.Those who were unskilled worked as hawkers, servants, coolies and rickshaw-pullers. In terms of business, North Indians became milkmen who sold milk to other Indians or Europeans. They reared cows, goat and buffaloes to get their milk. Others were shopkeepers who provided daily needs like food, cloth and laundry services. Besides these, The Indian Muslims served as moneychangers and also moneylenders. Lastly, we also have the Sikhs who were good policemen and watchmen because of their strength and body size.The thieves were panic-stricken of their Beards and turbans. Europeans had the knowledge of trade and commerce. They setup companies, which had connections with Europe with their capital. They sold the goods that were made in Europe and shipped the goods that they bought from Asia back to Europe. Among them were Alexander Guthrie and Edward Boustead. The European m erchants gave their opinions and pointed out the weaknesses of the government here. Some of them volunteered to be unp upkeep judges. They helped to maintain law and order in this way.Even though the immigrants played a significant role in contributing to Singapore to aid her development, they also created many problems for the settlement. Singapore became a lawless society, where secret societies were rampant because many of the Chinese who voluntarily joined were lonely in a new settlement and sought for friendship, protection as well as help and assistance that they believed the secret societies could provide them with. These people committed many crimes, from gang robberies to closure to justice and even to the extent of murder.They were a powerful group of people as the inefficient police force was ill-equipped in the 1800s and they could not experience the language of the Chinese secret societies. This resulted in insecurities of the residents in Singapore and may result in traders doubting the security of Singapore and not coming here to trade. This would implicated our port prosperity and bring down our revenue earned. Other key figures such as Raffles and Farquhar also have to be credit for their share of contribution to the development of Singapore.Raffles drew up a Town Plan during his visit to Singapore in 1822 as he found that the settlement had grown in a most disorderly manner. The town was divided into incompatible areas for government, business and residential. Different races also settled in different areas of town, which could help reduce conflict between the different races who practised different cultures. Farquhar, on the other hand, firstly helped to get the traders from the places nearby to come to Singapore and trade as not many people knew about the settlement in Singapore. He invited the immigrants from Malacca to come and trade and stationed an office at St.Johns Island to inform the trading ships passing by about the settlement in Singapore. Apart from setting a stable foundation for the trading port, he also took care of problems such as the lack of building materials, food, tools and other necessities, the pests that roamed all over the settlement and also tried to solve the problem of common occurrences of crimes and robberies by setting up a small police force. Therefore, in conclusion, I agree to a large extent that the success of Singapore as a prosperous trading centre depended solely on the contributions of the migrant workers .The migrant workers contributed in different areas, mainly building the settlement, promoting trade, working for the government and also overhaul the community. Their contributions went a long way in helping the people and improving their lives in the long run. Without the hark word of these migrant workers, the fact that Singapore became a successful port would not have been made possible. On the other hand, I would have to disagree that success of Singapore was only due t o the immigrants contributions. Other key figures such as Raffles and Farquhar played a significant role in guiding Singapore through, hand-in-hand with the immigrants.

The Act of Valor

The Act of Valor Todays society consists of a diverse human race that shargons a common goal, to live life to its fullest authorisation. In the get, The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Rings, the main character, Frodo, is set verboten on a quest to crush the predict that has long acquired the presence of offensive. On his quest to record the abut, he encounters m either challenges. His challenges consists of keeping the ring safe from the detestation ones who want it back, making sure the ring gets to the destination, and keeping his life safe from harm.Along his journey, he is joined by a couple of his friends, all of which he must learn to trust, in order to destroy the rings that possesses evil. They ar faced with the challenges to keep safe from Saruman and his orcs, the black riders, and Saurons soul. Throughout his journey, his qualities of a hero show. He owns the qualities of resilience, determination, courage, trust, and heroism. Without the qualities he po ssesses, it would get been an impossible working class to complete. Frodo faces numerous challenges as he tries to destroy the ring.Those who seek to retrieve the ring are out to murder him. Without the help of his friends and those who care for him, he would non commit stayed alive. Through his courage and determination, he shows that he can be trusted to be the one that destroys the ring. He is equipped with many qualities that help him complete the task. His optimism brought the potence he needed to succeed. As individuals in todays society, we face many challenges in our lives. Yes, challenges can bring us down, but it also actualizes us stronger.Some of us are faced with challenges such as being able to survive, fighting cancer, being the first to go to college, being able to pay for bills, etc. Nevertheless, each of us encounters challenges that help shape and develop our lives. Challenges are not meant to kill anyone, but instead they are meant for people to reach the ir full potential in being able to find the answers and strength to be able to overcome the challenges we face. Each of us is born for a reason. It is impossible to tell what out fate is, but as time goes by, we start to find out just what our mission on Earth is.Frodo possesses the qualities of a Hero Archetype. Being a determined, resilient, trustworthy, and courageous individual, he is one that pleases everybody. Frodo never quit with being able to destroy the ring. Although he faced many challenges along the way, he managed to stay strong. He witnessed Gandalfs death, he was nearly dead, and he had to leave his home to complete the task, but despite all that he encountered along the way, he managed to be determined. at that place were many cast out effects on Frodo, but he maintained his composure and stayed optimistic until the end.Each of us has been knocked down multiple times by school, work, or simply the stress that we all face. Being knocked down is for us to realize wh at we need to do to get back up. Determination is the key to withstanding any negative effects on life. If we have a positive outlook on life and how our future will be, we can start to be heroes of our own lives. Frodos goal was to destroy the ring. Facing the challenges that follows as he is on his journey may impact him. By being determined, his goal to protecting the ring from the evil is reached.In our lives, we have many goals in life that we want to reach. We make mistakes here and there, but we learn from them and grow stronger. By being determined and positive, we can make sure our goals are reached. During Frodos journey, his friends and individuals who help protect him from those that want to retrieve the ring from him accompany him. They guide him in his journey to find his way safely. They are there to protect him from the evil that surrounds him. During our lives, we befriend many individuals who help us with our future.These friends of ours, are people we trust, turn to when they are in need, or simply to have a sense of security. Just like Fordo being accompanied by his friends, we have friends we turn to when we need them. Frodos task is to protect the ring from the evil black riders that want it back. As he is on his journey, he makes many decisions that help him and his friends stay alive. The critical decision making that he makes throughout the film are vital in order to keep the ring in his possession, as well as stay alive.We are faced with making decisions that are crucial to our future. Without making the best decision, we cannot be successful in our lives. Frodos decision making made it possible for him to succeed. The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Rings, is not just a film, but it also shows its comparison to todays society. Frodo faces many challenges while he is set out on his quest to destroy the ring. Each of us, face challenges in our life that make it difficult for us to succeed, but by working extra hard, we can mana ge to overcome any challenge.Also, Frodo makes vital decisions that help with the safety and survival of Frodo and the group of followers. We face many points in our lives that consist of valuable decision-making. Those who want to protect him, as well as his friends accompany Frodo. During our lifetime, we befriend many people who become treasures to our hearts. Being able to have people we can turn to and trust is truly amazing. The film shows many relations between reality and how the movie is portrayed. As Frodo is on his journey to destroying the ring, he shows great heroism that is noticed by many.

Individual Health Assessment Essay

Client/ forbearing Initials DN Sex M Age 66 business sector of Client/Patient RetiredHealth History/Review of arrangings(Complete and systematic review of systems) Neurological agreement ( directaches, head injuries, dizziness, convulsions, tremors, weakness, numbness, tingling, difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing, etc., medications)No complaints of headaches, no capitulumly(prenominal) head injuries, no complaints of dizziness, no history of convulsion, tremors or weakness. The diligent of of states he has had no numbness, tingling, or unsteady gait. The unhurried denies dysphagia or dysphasia. Head and Neck (pain, headaches, head/neck injury, neck pain, lumps/ s hygienicing, surgeries on head/neck, medications)The unhurried denies head pain, head or neck injury or trauma, no nodules or surgeries. The longanimous denies winning medication for head or neck. Eyes (eye pain, blurred vision, history of crossed eyes, excitation/swelling in eyes, watering, tearing, i njury/surgery to eye, glaucoma testing, vision test, glasses or contacts, medications)The unhurried does wear corrective glasses.The affected role denies redness or swelling in eyes nor watering. The diligent role denies history of eye injury or surgery. Ears (earache or other ear pain, history of ear infections, discharge from ears, history of surgery, difficulty hearing, environmental noise exposure, vertigo, medications)The patient denies ear pain or new ear infections. The patient does have a bandage to right ear stating he just had scratch cancer removed. Incision intact. No surrounding redness or swelling. The patient denies drain. The patient denies vertigo. Nose, Mouth, and pharynx (discharge, sores or lesions, pain, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, sore throat, allergies, surgeries, usual dental c atomic number 18, medications)The patient denies sore throat, runny nose, or sores to mouth. The patient has saddentition and states he sees a dentist regularly.The patient st ates he brushes his teeth twice daily. The patient denies seasonal allergies. Skin, Hair and Nails (skin disease, changes in affectation, changes in a mole, luxuriant dryness or moisture, itching, bruising, rash or lesions, recent hair loss, changing nails, environmental hazards/exposures, medications)The patient denies excessive dryness or excessive moisture to skin. The patient states history of skin cancer. The patient states he has had several spots removed for skin cancer including his nose, right ear, and cheek. The patient denies bruising easily. Breasts and Axilla (pain or marrow, lumps, boob discharge, rash, swelling, trauma or injury to breast, mammography, breast self-exam, medications)The patient denies pain or tenderness to breasts. The patient denies rash or swelling to breasts. computer peripheral Vascular and lymphatic System (leg pain, cramps, skin changes in arms or legs, swelling in legs or ankles, swollen glands, medications)The patient denies leg pain or cramping. The patient denies swelling in lower extremities and denies taking medications to increase circulation. Cardiovascular System (chest pain or tightness, SOB, cough, swelling of feet or hands, family history of cardiac disease, tire easily, self-history of heart disease, medications)The patient states he has a history of heart attack and high blood pressure. The patient denies shortness of breath or recent chest pain. The patient states he currently takes Coreg and Aspirin daily. Thorax and Lungs (cough, SOB, pain on inspiration or expiration, chest pain with breathing, history of lung disease, smoking history, living/working conditions that affect breathing, hold TB skin test, flu shot, pneumococcal vaccine, chest x-ray, medications)The patient denies cough or shortness of breath. The patient denies chest pain upon inspiration or expiration.The patient denies lung disease. The patient states he stopped smoking 32 years ago. The patient states he is up to date on his flu vaccination as well as his pneumonia vaccination. Musculoskeletal System (joint pain stiffness swelling, heat, redness in joints limitation of movement muscleman pain or cramping deformity of bone or joint accidents or trauma to bones back pain difficulty with activity of daily living, medications)The patient denies joint pain or stiffness. The patient denies muscle pain or cramping. The patient denies deformity of bones or joint. The patient denies history of trauma or accident to bones or muscle. The patientdenies debilitation to activities of daily living. Gastrointestinal System (change in appetite increase or loss difficulty swallowing foods not tolerated abdominal pain nausea or emetic frequency of BM history of GI disease, ulcers, medications)The patient denies changes in appetite. The patient denies difficulty swallowing. The patient denies foods that are not tolerated. The patient denies frequent nausea or vomiting. The patient states he has a regular bowel movement daily. The patient denies history of GI ulcers or taking medications for GERD or acid reflux. Genitourinary System (recent change, frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, polyuria, oliguria, hesitancy or straining, urine color, narrowed stream, incontinence, history of urinary disease, pain in flank, groin, suprapubic region or low back)The patient denies urgency, frequency, or dysuria. The patient denies polyuria.The patient states history of kidney stones. The patient denies incontinence or flank pain. The patient denies groin pain or low back pain. Physical Examination(Comprehensive examination of each system. take findings.) Neurological System (exam of all 12 cranial nerves, motor and sensory assessments)Cranial organization I Sense of smell intact evidenced by smelling an onion as well as cinnamon with eyes closed. Cranial Nerve II Snellen eye chart eye exam exhibitor 20/40 in bilateral eyes without corrective lenses. Patient is 20/20 in bilateral eyes with corrective le nses. Cranial Nerve II, IV, and VI Pupils mate, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. Extraocular movements are within recipe limits. Cranial Nerve V Mastication muscles are equal bilaterally. Cranial Nerve vii Facial symmetry renowned. Facial nerves function appears within normal limits. Cranial Nerve VIII Normal hearing functioned noted with hearing loopy spoken words as well as normal conversation. Cranial Nerve IX and X The patient has a positive gag innate reflex as well as normal appearing uvula and soft palate. Cranial Nerve XI The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles are symmetric. Neck and head with oerflowing range of gesture. Shoulder shrug showing trapezius muscle equal bilaterally. Cranial Nerve XII The patients speech is within normal limits with a midline tongue. No sores, lesions, or abnormalities of tongue noted. Head and Neck ( sense the skull, take stock the neck, inspect the face, palpate the lymph nodes, palpate the trachea, palpa te and auscultate the thyroid gland) reflexion is symmetric.Trachea is midline. Lymph nodes within normal limits with nogoiter noted. The patient has dependable range of motion to head and neck. The patients head is without nodules noted. The patient has ironlike carotid twinklings present bilaterally. Eyes (test visual acuity, visual fields, extraocular muscle function, inspect external eye structures, inspect anterior eyeball structures, inspect ocular fundus) Patient is 20/20 in bilateral eyes with corrective lenses. Extraocular movements are intact. No nystagimus or strabismus noted. Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. No drainage or redness noted to bilateral eyes. Conjunctiva are pink, sclera white without redness noted. Ears (inspect external structure, otoscopic examination, inspect tympanic membrane, test hearing acuity)The patients ears are symmetric. The patient has a dressing to right ear from recent skin cancer removal. Incision clear without redness or drainage. The patients hearing within normal limits. Bilateral tympanic membranes intact and pearly gray with normal light reflex. No perforations noted. Ear canal redundant of drainage. Nose, Mouth, and Throat (Inspect and palpate the nose, palpate the sinus area, inspect the mouth, inspect the throat)The patients nose is symmetric with no nasal drainage noted. Nasal septum midline. The patient denies tenderness of the external nares. Nasal mucosa is pink and within normal limits. Nares patent. No nasal flaring noted. Mouth within normal limits with no sores or blisters noted to tongue. Tongue is midline. Tonsils are pink with no swelling noted. The patient has no dental caries noted, but several fillings noted. Skin, Hair and Nails (inspect and palpate skin, temperature, moisture, lesions, inspect and palpate hair, distribution, texture, inspect and palpate nails, contour, color, teach self-examination techniques)The patients skin with no dryness, rashes, or acne noted.The patient has a scar noted to his nose, right ear, and odd cheek. The patient states this is areas of skin cancer that have been removed. Skin turgor within normal limits with no tenting. The patients hair is thin with no signs of dandruff. The patients nails are not brittle. No clubbing noted. Capillary refill is less than three seconds. Breasts and Axilla (deferred for purpose of class assignment) Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic System (inspect arms, symmetry, pulses inspect legs, venous pattern, varicosities, pulses, color, swelling, lumps)The patient has no swelling noted to upper or lower extremities. Skin color within normal limits with no discoloration. Peripheral pulses arestrong and equal bilaterally. The patients legs are without varicosities. Cardiovascular System (inspect and palpate carotid arteries, jugular venous system, precordium heave or lift, top(prenominal) impulse auscultate rate and rhythm identify S1 and S2, any extra heart sounds, murmur)Th e patients blood pressure is 128/78, pulse 68. Upon auscultation, the apical pulse is also 68 with regular rate and rhythm. No murmur or arrhythmia noted. S1 and S2 noted without murmur. No bruit noted.No jugular vein distention noted. Thorax and Lungs (inspect thoracic cage, symmetry, tactile fremitus, trachea palpate symmetrical expansion, percussion of anterior, lateral and posterior, abnormal breathing sounds)The patients chest has equal and bilateral rise and fall with good muscle tone. The patient denies chest tenderness upon palpation. Respiratory rate 17 breaths per minute and regular. Tactile fremitus symmetrical over posterior lung area of the back. Lungs sounds clear in all four lobes. Musculoskeletal System (inspect cervical spine for size, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion inspect shoulders for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion inspect elbows for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion inspect wrist and hands for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion inspect hips for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion inspect knees for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion inspect ankles and feet for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain and range of motion)The patient has no curvature noted to spine. The spine is without swelling or deformity. The patient denies cervical tenderness or pain. The patients shoulders are symmetric with near range of motion. The patients elbows are free of deformity with full range of motion. The patient denies pain to elbows. The patients wrist are free of deformity with full range of motion. The patient denies pain to wrists. The patients hands are free of deformity with full range of motion. The patient denies pain to hands. The patient has healed scars from bilateral carpal tunnel surgery. The patients hips are symmetric with full range of motion.The patient denies pain to hips. The patients knees are symmetric with full range of motion. No masses or deformities noted. The patient denies pain to knees. The patients knees are symmetric without obvious masses. The patient has full range of motion to bilateralknees. The patient denies pain to bilateral knees. The patients feet are without swelling. The patient has full range of motion to ankle and foot. No obvious deformities or masses noted. Skin is intact to bilateral feet. (Jarvis, 2012). Gastrointestinal System (contour of abdomen, general symmetry, skin color and condition, pulsation and movement, umbilicus, hair distribution auscultate bowel sound, percuss all four quadrants percuss border of liver light palpation in all four quadrants muscle wall, tenderness, enlarged organs, masses, rebound tenderness, CVA tenderness)The patients abdomen is symmetric, soft, and round. The patient has normal hair distribution with skin pink. The patient denies tenderness to all four quadrants. Bowel sounds normoactive x4 quadrants. No masses palpated. Liver palpates within normal limits. Genitourinary System (deferred for purpose of this class) FHP AssessmentCognitive-Perceptual sampleThe patient has no cognitive defects noted. Nutritional-Metabolic PatternThe patient states he eats breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The patient states he tries to watch what he eats. He does however state he has a weakness for ice cream. Sexuality-Reproductive PatternThe patient states he has been married to his wife for 28 years. He denies problems or issues with his sex life and states he is satisfied. Pattern of EliminationThe patient states he has a regular bowel movement daily. The patient denies problems with diarrhea or constipation. The patient denies any problems with urination. The patient denies waking at night to urinate. Pattern of Activity and ExerciseThe patient states since retirement, he has slacked on his daily exercise. The patient sta tes the only exercise he gets is daily yard work and gardening. The patient states he used to take a mile long walk, but has slacked off of that. Pattern of Sleep and RestThe patient states he gets 7 hours of sleep nightly.The patient denies waking throughout the night. Pattern of Self-Perception and Self-ConceptThe patient presents as a confident male who has continuous eye contact. Summarize Your Findings(Use format that provides logical progression of assessment.) stead (reason for seeking care, patient statements)The patient presents today for a recheck of his healing incision to right ear status post removal of skin cancer. Background (health and family history, recent observations)The patientstates he has a history of several skin cancer spots that have been previously removed. The patient states his mother passed away from lung cancer and his scram with brain cancer. The patient denies drainage or surrounding redness to area. The patient states he applied antibiotic oin tment as well as a dressing twice daily. Assessment (assessment of health state or problems, nursing diagnosis)The patient has a healing incision noted to right ear. This incision is free of drainage or redness. Nursing Diagnosis Risk for infection related to incision to right ear (Gulanick & Myers, 2007). Recommendation (diagnostic evaluation, follow-up care, patient education article of faith including health promotion education)The patient needs to continue to apply the antibiotic ointment as well as dressing to the ear twice daily. The patient needs to continue to observe the area for drainage, redness, or signs of infection. The patient needs to continue to inspect his skin for areas that may be suspicious for additional skin cancer lesions. The patient is educated on proper hand-washing skills as well as signs of fever or illness. The patient is also educated on the greatness of follow up with his dermatologist. ******ReferencesGulanick, M., & Myers, J. (2007). Nursing ca re plans Diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes. (6th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri Elsevier Mosby.Jarvis, C. (2012). Physical Examination & Health Assessment (6th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri Elsevier Saunders.

French Existentialism Philosophers Essay

Part A Gabriel waves Philosophy on Problem and Mystery Part B Sim hotshot De Beauvoirs Philosophy on why there is a moral obligation to everyplacecome oppression (our own and that of other(a)s) and why is an existentialist morals an ethics of freedomPart AGabriel Marcel is known to be one of the to a greater extent religious philosophers who was a French Existentialist. He was a committed Catholic Philosopher and he believed that by being connected to others he ordain be connected to god. He believed that philosophy should be about hope and wanted to acquaint the more positive aspects of human characteristics through his writings and models. Marcel has a belief that problems and mysteries were two separate ideas where problems exist outside and apart from ourselves and mysteries were unsolved queries that were more internal to ones self. For example determining what a body is, is a problem and determining what my body is, is a mystery. He believes that we can call primary an d secondary mullions in order to seek a solution to the problem or mystery being faced with. Primary reflections use uninflected skills to separate the creative thinker from the problematic object in order to find a resolution. Separating the thinker from the problem is important in order to effectively reflect and create intellectual and moral means to a solution.Primary reflections use means of abstracting data and using it in order to manipulate the world and brood with the problem that is not ever black and white or a right or wrong answer. Primary reflection approaches problems from an objective standpoint where the thinker is separate from the problem while the secondary reflection begins with the experience of existence at heart the problem and is used with reflection of a mystery. The secondary reflection is clear(p) to contemplation by looking at it as a unique presence. The existence within the world is not a problem that needs to be solved because humans and their bodies be inherently related to the world and they atomic number 18 in relation to each other, not objects or problems that can be manipulated. Marcel believed that Philosophy is a part of reflecting on a mystery and the mystery requires participation of the person reflecting because it is an experience of presence itself. A mystery involves you as an intrinsical part of the question which is a question of yourself and requires a solution by secondary reflection. A question becomes a mystery when it takes itself into the subject.Marcel believes that humans are increasingly becoming defined by their problems which cause alienation of themselves from themselves and also causing separation from others. The questions of being and humans are mysteries within the Marcel philosophies. When something is recognize as not being it cannot be a mystery. As humans we have a need for being with ontological exigence which consumes being upsurges of joy, happiness, hopefulness, expectations an d desires. organism as a human means existing and experiencing the world and the subjects within it. Having something means exercising power over that thing by possession and rights to those possessions. By having rights over a possession can also enables that person to have the ability of disposal of that subject as well. Having something is variant from experiencing that thing, for example having a body is different form experiencing your body because you cannot rid yourself of your body wi constant of gravitationt ceasing to be.Life is not identical to a persons being because being is the whole self which is more than life and it is what a person aspires to be. world can only evoke the fullness of being by engaging with others and coming together as a community. Marcel promotes the idea of living I-Thou which opens up and enhances a persons being which God being the ultimate Thou. The I-Thou idea requires a person to be open to the being of others within their lives and not liv ing only for themselves. Marcel has an interesting stance on the subject of sack out and how it should be defined. He believes that love has to do with inner subjectivity and it is about seeking and experiencing the being of the other.Love is not about possession or having another person which is commonly thought to be the main definition of what love means. Marcel believes that a self does not love, but it is the self that is constituted by love. When we attach predicates to a thou we limit our love for another and its trust and faith which constitutes love in the being of the other. I always thought that love had to do with possessing and labeling a person or subject as yours. However, Marcels philosophy on love has changed my point of view into believing that love is about to the full accepting a person as who they are instead of trying to possess them and changing them into being an object of your desire and control.Part BIn Simone Beauvoirs writing of The Ethics of Ambiguity she begins to elaborate on ethics and the importance of a moral obligation to overcome oppression. Moral acts and willing ones self free is an obligation of a person in order to become a moral person. With moral freedom a person is not free unless they can deal with free individuals. We all should strive for our freedom as well as the freedom of others and the freedom of all. The freedom to pick is shaped by social and political freedom of people. Beauvoir believes that in order to free all we must take a stand for justice especially in the political sense. We ought to value freedom when it serves freedom, but not when freedom distances itself from itself.For example when freedom is used in the oppression and the abuse of others, we ought not to respect it in cases such as a dictatorship oppressing the freedom of its people. Oppressing an oppressor is justified even when it requires violence and in cases of people rising up and rebelling the person or the system that has been oppr essing them it is justifiable. In such cases casualties of war with sacrifices is justified when fighting for freedom because it makes it a just war.Simone Beauvoir states the truth is that if division and violence define war, the world has always been at war and will always be if man is waiting for universal peace in order to establish his existence validly, he will wait indefinitely there will never be any other future. (Beauvoir ) With this she means that if the only reasons for war are for violence to annihilate the other opponent because of division then war will never end and people will never reach complete liberation. However, oppressing and oppressor should never be operate by blind faith. The actions must be considered fully well and deliberate over choice. Each circumstance should be considered on a case by case basis and analyzed by practical problems.Ethics emphasize physical and social interaction in relation to other human beings because of freedom. authoritative mo rality involves engagement with the world that is not abstract intellectualism. People who sit by and talk about the problems and the circumstances that accustom the world are not engaging with the world directly. Beauvoir stresses that in order to achieve authentic morality people must do something to engage with the world not intellectualize the problems within it.Humans have a moral commitment to liberate the oppressed individuals because it causes extra liberation of their own freedom. Oppressed individuals may not even know that they are being oppressed and this why it is important for others to enlighten them and help them become liberated from their situation. With an oppressed individual, their own judgment that they are oppressed is what counts and this is why its an obligation of others who recognize the oppression to give them knowledge of their situation. Oppressed people are cut off from the future without the power of liberation to decide what is succeeding(prenomina l) for them in their lives.With liberation a person must be able to question set and oppressed individuals are not able to do this. Being oppressed does not gain moral character because character is not built by suffering. A person cannot say that they are a hefty person because they have been accepting oppression and the suffering that comes with it. A person is strong when they take a stand for their liberation and fight for their own values as well as the liberation of others. However, power is limited within liberation, Beauvoir enforces this by stating that to be free is not to have the power to do anything you the like it is to be able to surpass the given toward an open future the existence of others as a freedom defines my situation and is even the condition of my own freedom. (Beauvoir ) effect is a foundation of moral freedom and in order to engage the world a person must have power, but it is a limited power. Not only individuals of the world, but state also has an obl igation to ensure that its people have a minimum level of well-being because this is needful to freely act within the world. External help is needed in order to alleviate oppression and once an oppressed individual is placed within the presence of freedom they must pursue freedom for themselves and one cannot force freedom upon them or it would not be recognized as freedom at all.Works citedBeauvoir, S. D. The Works of Simone de Beauvoir. Zuubooks.com, 2010. Print.Marcel, Gabriel. A Gabriel Marcel Reader. 1st edition. St. Augustines Press, 2011. Print.

Modern mining Essay

Modern archeological site is an industry that involves the exploration for and removal of minerals from the earth, economically and with minimum damage to the environment. Mining is important because minerals be major sources of energy as well as materials such as fertilizers and steel. Mining is necessary for nations to have adequate to(predicate) and dependable supplies of minerals and materials to meet their economic and defense needs at acceptable environmental, energy, and economic costs.There are significant differences in the mining techniques and environmental effect of mining metallic, indus political campaign, and fuel minerals. Mining is a global industry, and non both country has high-grade, round, exceptionally profitable mineral deposits, and the transportation infrastructure to get the tap products to market economically. Some of the factors affecting global mining are environmental regulations, fuel costs, labor costs, access to land believed to contain valu able ore, diminishing ore grades requiring the mining of more raw materials to obtain the target mineral, technology, the length of time to obtain a permit to mine, and proximity to markets, among former(a)s.Without proper precaution, mining have negative consequences on the environments, ecosystems, water, beautiful sceneries and the landscapes. Though it has had many negative impacts on the environment in the past, mining is a vital industry completely necessary to our economy and lives. more or less every item we use or encounter in our day to day lives is mined or contains mined products. Without the excavation of such materials things like computers, televisions, large building structures, electricity, and cars would not be possible. Virtually every technological and medical advance uses minded materials, without which millions would suffer.To some extend mining activities have some corroboratory impact on wildlife in that when these fields are broken, it creates openings whi ch acts as there home. Food and cover plants can be introduced to these places for the benefit of the entire wildlifeA key out of the 10 biggest bullion mines in the world1. Grasberg Gold mine This mine, which is in the Indonesian province of Papua, produced 2,025,000 ounces of gold, according to the annual report of Rio Tinto Plc. The mine is majority own by Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. Besides gold, it excessively produces silver and copper. 2. Muruntau Gold Mine This mine, which is about 250 miles west of the capital in Uzbekistan, is believed to have produced approximately 1,800,000 ounces of gold last year. The project, which is an open-pit operation, is run by state-own Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat. 3. Carlin-Nevada Complex This mine, which is in the U.S. state of Nevada, produced 1.735 million ounces in 2010. It is owned by Newmont Mining Corp. It includes both open-pit and tube-shaped structure operations.4. Yanacocha Gold Mine This mine, which is i n northern Peru and is the largest gold mine in Latin America, produced 1.46 million ounces last year. It is run by Newmont Mining and owned by Newmont Mining and Buenaventurda, a Peruvian company. 5. Goldstrike (Betze Post) Gold Mine This mine, which is northwest of Elko, Nev., produced 1.24 million ounces of gold last year. It is owned by Barrick Gold Corp. 6. Cortez Gold Mine This mine, which is souwest of Elko, Nev., produced 1.14 million ounces of gold last year. It is owned by Barrick Gold. 7. Veladero Gold Mine This mine, which is in Argentina, produced 1.12 million ounces of gold last year. It is owned by Barrick Gold.8. Lagunas Norte Gold Mine This mine, which is in north-central Peru, produced 808,000 ounces of gold last year. It is owned by Barrick Gold. 9. Lihir Gold Mine This mine, which is in Papua New Guineau, produced 790,974 ounces of gold in the 12 months ended June 30. It is owned by Newcrest Mining Ltd., Australias largest gold producer. 10. Super Pit/Kalgo orlie This mine, an open-cut mine in Western Australia, produced 788,000 ounces last year. It is 50-50 owned by Barrick Gold and Newmont Mining.CORRUPTION fumbleion is not a new phenomenon in India. It has been prevalent in society since ancient times. History reveals that it was present even in the Mauryan period. Great scholar Kautilya mentions the pressing of forty types of corruption in his contemporary society. It was practised even in Mughal andSultanate period. When the East India Company took control of the country, corruption reached new height. Corruption in India has wrench so common that commonwealth now are averse to thinking of public life with it.Corruption has been defined variously by scholars. But the guileless meaning of it is that corruption implies perversion of morality, integrity, character or duty out of mercenary motives, i.e. bribery, without any regard to honour, right and justice. In other words, undue favor for any one for some monetary or other g ains is corruption. Simultaneously, depriving the genuinely deserving from their right or privilege is also a corrupt practice. decrease from ones duty or dereliction of duty are also forms of corruption. Besides, thefts, wastage of public property constitute varieties of corruption. Dishonesty, exploitation, malpractices, scams and scandals are various manifestations of corruption.Corruption is not a uniquely Indian phenomenon. It is witnessed all over the world in developing as well as developed countries. It has spread its tentacles in every sphere of life, namely business administration, politics, officialdom, and services. In fact, there is hardly any sector which can be characterised for not be infected with the vices of corruption. Corruption is rampant(ip) in every segment and every section of society, barring the social status attached to it. Nobody can be considered free from corruption from a high ranking officer.To root out the evil of corruption from society, we need to make a comprehensive code of conduct for politicians, legislatures, bureaucrats, and such code should be strictly enforced. Judiciary should be given more independence and initiatives on issues related to corruption. Special courts should be set-up to take up such issues and speedy trial is to be promoted. Law and order machinery should be allowed to work without political interference. NGOs and media should come forward to create awareness against corruption in society and educate people to combat this evil. Only then we would be able to save our system from being collapsed. Essay 2 (Just read this, its a nice one)let us first of all understand what is meant by corruption and corrupt practices. In brief, anything that is below all standard norms of morality in a country, is called or defined as corruption and corrupt practices. These norms are a fixed standard in any given society, and when these are broken we say that, a society is getting corrupted. This corruption as we see i t today is not a development that has come overnight, it has been a continuous process for the last some(prenominal) decades and, to day it has seeped into the very blood stream of the system.What we have to study next is, why and how this monster of corruption has taken such a firm stool on India so much so that, the country of the legendary Harischandra, the honest has reached the position of one of the top ten or so of corrupt countries of the world.The corrupt practices have now become our lifestyle to such an extent that, we do not seem to feel that there is anything wrong in what all we are doing., and that things should not be as they are. We, on the contrary are inclined to justify all wrong saying that, without doing wrong we cannot exist or be functional.TourismTourism is one of the worlds fastest growing industries. Tourism is an excellent way to develop a country, but it can also cause harm. How can countries ensure that tourism benefits the development. It is irrefut able that tourism has become the backbone of many economies of the world. In fact many countries rely on the phaeton dollar for their development. This has also led to damage of the natural environment and at many places the tourist places have been so much littered that they have ceased being a tourist attraction any more. In a way tourism is killing tourism. In the following paragraphs, I shall discuss ways in which countries can ensure sustainable tourism.Also the tourism industry provides 8% of total world employment. Rising affluence in many countries is one major contributing factor for this development.Tourism itself has diversified into heritage tourism, beach tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism, etc., to cater to different tastes. All this has created a massive contrive in global tourism. Long periods of political stability also emboldened people to venture out and explore the world. Television, movies and other kinds of media fostered curiosity abo ut other parts of the world by showing attractive images of such places.Creative ad campaigns like Incredible India and Truly Malaysia have also done their composition to boost global tourism. Global tourism fosters an understanding of different cultures. This helps to promote peace among nations and peoples. It can also improve the economy of poor countries which in relinquish raises the living standards of their people.But global tourism has some downsides too. Unchecked tourist arrivals can impact the environment or socio-cultural fabric of a place. A once peaceful Goa has become a den of vices like rape, child abuse and drugs because of tourism. A sustainable approach leave ensure that such negative consequences will be minimized.

Acknowledgement for training

Praise to God for I undergo my industrial training that begins on early. Technologies India pet Ltd (l), I finally successfully completed my Industrial training. I also would like to extend my thankfulness to the most precious persons In my life, my father and mother for all their moral support. Its a great pleasure to present this report of Industrial training in partial fulfillment of B. Tech Mechanical Engineering from Pundit Adenoidal oil colour university. I am entrusted to undergo my industrial training at SF for 6 weeks before I can omelet my subject course in ramble to graduate.During the 6 weeks of working here I am exposed to many new things which ar very valuable for me to learn and carry out with subjection when I face the real world of working in the future. Undergoing for industrial training has become one of the curricular that college student compulsory to attend especially for those who studied at PDP. The motive of this action Is to expose students and let them experience the environment of the real world of working before graduating. For that I am warmly thankful to DRP. H. B. Regained who Is Director of School of applied science at Pendant Adenoidal Petroleum university.I realize that learning theoretical is never the same when it comes to practice. There are a lot more to master than Just learning from book. Acknowledgement for training By avatars persons in my life, my father and mother for all their moral support. Its a great Mechanical Engineering from Pundit Adenoidal Petroleum University. To attend especially for those who studied at PDP. The motive of this action is to is Director of School of Technology at Pundit Adenoidal Petroleum University. Completion of this training was not possible. I feel very happy to say my deeply.

Triple Bottom Line

TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE The trio bottom problem refers to an extension of the criteria used to card systemal success. Tradition all in ally, backing success (or failure) is measuring stickd in terms of its sparingal carrying out. A cargon is work outed to be successful if it has generated a sufficient fiscal return from its investments, financing activities and operating activities. The triple bottom wrinkle takes into account three criteria for assessing organisational performance 1. economic, 2. affable 3. and Environmental.The financial or economic performance of an organisation is the easiest of the three criteria to measure accurately. Traditional accounting methods take into account the inflow and outflow of resources from the communication channel, generally including cash and finances, assets, liabilities and other easily definable business resources. The economic criteria terminate and then be used to determine how much an organisation generates in mo clearary va lue. It can excessively be used to determine the net worth of the business at a given point in time.The loving performance of an organisation is some(prenominal)what much difficult to define and measure. The social criterion of the triple bottom line takes into account the electric shock that a business has on people within the business (employees) and people outside of the business (the community). A business applying the triple bottom line principles will act in a way that benefits the community and will ensure that people be not universe exploited or endangered by the operation of the business. kindly factors that should be considered include labour utilisation and wages, working conditions and contribution to community quick standards. Environmental performance is tingeed with a business total impact on the natural environment. tierce bottom line organisations aim to improve the environment where feasible, or at the rattling least, humiliate and limit their negative impact on the environment. Organisations need to look at more than just obvious environmental issues (like pollution) and should consider the total lifecycle impact of their products and services.Triple bottom line reportage is becoming more widespread amongst both large and small organisations. Triple bottom line reporting makes business decisions and actions more transp arnt and allows people to gain a thorough understanding of a business level of corporate social responsibility. The triple bottom line report also helps manager to assess and comp are their performance across all three criteria against the business objectives and long term goals.Triple roll in the hay LineIn the 1990s, principally due to global warming and its effects like the ozone layer, the world has spread the idea of the Green Movement and people started to question organisations practices and their environmental, social and economic impacts. With this in mind, companies started to pay more attention to busi ness sustainability in order to improve the companys reputation. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) supposition is a methodology that stresses on the 3 Ps People, Planet and Profit. It was first introduced by John Elkington in 1994 and has increasingly become a basis for business sustainability.Not only has the worlds Green mentality influenced how companies work on but also government policies look at make companies implement a different approach. Although many companies are using the TBL reporting and have reported to reduce costs due to this approach some companies avoid incorporating sustainability into their practices. As Bristol was considered the European Green Capital large and is seen as a true role mannikin for the Green economy in Europe. This award encourages cities to improve the quality of life by taking the environment and social aspects into account in urban training and management.It is believed that companies in Bristol have been influenced by this award to take a more sustainable approach towards the operations. This paper will review the TBL concept and Corporate Social debt instrument (CSR). It will also include thoughts of TBL in congener to the organisation interrogationed and its effects on its operations by linking theory to research findings. Research methods The research methods used in this report consist of field interviews to customers and employees of the chosen organisation.The interviews were conducted between the 29th of November and the 1st of December. The only sources of evidence used in this report are data collected from the conducted interview, applicable information from literature and personal experiences that were related to the topic. Literature review The Triple Bottom Line concept was first introduced by John Elkington in 1994 to expand the environmentalist agenda of those working towards sustainability so that it more explicitly incorporates a social dimension (Elkington, 2004).The triple bottom line is descr ibed as an inevitableexpansion of the environmental agenda that focuses corporations not just on the economic value that they add, but also on the environmental and social value that they add or destroy (Elkington, 2004). This framework went beyond the traditional measures of net incomes, return on investment and shareholder value to include environmental and social dimensions (Slaper and Hall, 2011). . In addition, Savitz presents that TBL captures the essence of sustainability by measuring the impact of an organizations activities on the world including both its profitability and shareholder values and its social, human and environmental not bad(p) (Savitz, 2006).The three performance elements that compose TBL are social, environmental and financial variables. These are commonly to as the 3 Ps people, planet and profits. Nevertheless, the 3Ps do not have a common unit of measure (Slaper and Hall, 2011). It is a very difficult task to put a value on social and environmental dim ensions of the Triple Bottom Line. Some argue that monetizing these dimensions would be a good option as it would have a single unit of measurement but on the other hand, how could you find the correct price for extinct species?Different views on how to measure TBL has been a subject of argument since it began to be studied. The number of companies that use some kind of 3P accounting grows at an impressive rate (Tullberg, 2012). According to KPMG 70% of the top 250 companies of the world did so by 2005 (Tullberg 2012). This supports that companies are trying to achieve their goals of profit maximization and economic growth while increasing environmental and social awareness and responsibility and also by focusing on having sustainable operations.Sustainability is define as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (WCED, 1987). Companies with different sizes and structures understand that having su stainable operations is extremely classical and they do so by balancing the 3 dimensions of the TBL concept. Environmental sustainability is related to the reduction of the footprint left by the company on the environment. Social sustainability shifts the focus to both internal communities (i. e. , employees) and external ones (Pullman et al., 2009).In order to enhance their social reputation companies engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (Fombrun, 2005). Corporate Social Responsibility requires companies to ac fellowship that they should be publicly accountable not only for their financial performance but also for their social and environmental record (CBI, 2001) and, by relating the TBL concept to CSR, it can be suggested that companies not only need to engage in socially and environmentally responsible behaviour, but, also, that positive financial gains can be made in the process (Gimenez et al, 2012).In recent years, governments have implemented legislations that obl ige companies to provide information on how they are being socially responsible. According to the UK Corporate memorial tablet Code the board should set the companys values and standards and ensure that its obligations to its shareholders and others are understood and met (Financial Reporting Council, 2012) and Henderson (2004) states that in the UK there is a minister that is supercharged of promoting CSR.These are some of many examples to show the importance given to CSR. It is not only in the UK that legislation plays a large role in investments by companies in CSR but, also, in other countries in the EU like Germany where companies where required to implement CSR updates on their reports. However, by implementing regulation that obligates companies to report on their CSR means that those that were already being sustainable will lose their competitive advantage.An UK Government report on CSR states that CSR is about companies acting voluntarily to raise performance beyond marg inal legal standards (UK Government, 2004), but with the implementation of this type of legislation, companies which have been using sustainable practices for years, will have their positive brand image removed. Many may argue whether companies are actually using real CSR practices (Gallego-Alvarez, 2010) in a voluntary and caring way or simple not concerned at all about their social and environmental impact and only concerned about the positive brand recognition that come with CSR practices.Although, it is agreed by many sources that the concern of companies for CSR has significantly contributed to the social welfare, some, like Henderson, oppose the fact of companies accepting CSR as he believes that it is both harmful at the level of individual enterprises and in relation to the economy as a whole (Henderson, 2009). Furthermore, Eden (1994) stated that the use of sustainable development in a business orientation course becomes problematic where that orientation obscures other is sues and demotes environmental action to only shallow and reformist dimensions (Eden, 1994).In conclusion, the vision of sustainability has come a long way since first introduced and CSR has become an extremely all important(p) aspect of business processes and will continue to grow despite the opposition of some. Achieving Triple Bottom Line growth will be a continue quest for many organisations but to achieve sustainable development other issues at a macroeconomic level must be addressed. The operation researched The chosen operation to research is a local community lycee based at Gloucestershire Cricket Club located in one of Bristols main roads.BS7 secondary school provides a high quality exercise facility for members of the community alongside Gloucestershire cricket professionals. It is easily observable, staff and members could be easily approached and it had sufficient data for statistics to be developed. Data collected Data collection was essential for this report. By co nducting interviews to both gym staff and members and observing its facilities it enables the development of statements. In order to gather relevant data the interviewing of staff was centred on TBL, CSR and the European Green Capital Award (EGCA).From the staff interview, it was possible to understand that staff had little or no knowledge about the concepts of CSR and TBL. After being briefly introduced to these concepts the interviewees were questioned about their thoughts on Bristol being awarded the EGCA. Many said that is was very positive and related this to businesses thinking about atomic number 19 issues and some gave examples of environmental friendly practices conducted by businesses and families. One interviewee in particular, referred to transport systems and their improvements and also the Bristol cycling campaign.The remainder of the questions concerned more about the 3 Ps. The interviewees were questioned on what the BS7 Gym was doing towards the environment and the community and what were their thoughts on this and if they could improve. The main answer was based on the individual and not on the Gym itself as they believed that they, as an individual, were doing their scoop out to have positive impact on the People and Planet. They thought that the Gym, as a whole, was not considering their environmental sustainability as much as they consider social sustainability.After conducting observation of the Gym facilities it was very evident that the environmental sustainability measurements were not positive. Simple things like keeping the changing room light on even when they are not being used and the toilet discharge tank dripping constantly show that the gyms performance can be significantly improved. Some interviewees mentioned that they are individually committed to being sustainable and improve on their environmental footprint. Interviews were also made to members of the Gym. These interviews were based on the members thoughts about TBL and the gyms concerns towards the environment.Mostly every member identify social variables that can be used to measure their TBL such as, charity contributions (food bank, working with Multiple Sclerosis patients and autistic students) and providing the facilities to the local school. Moreover, gym members mentioned that the gym is constantly improving their facilities, projects and invest on innovation. Their thoughts towards this, related mainly to the gym trying to satisfy every member by providing different class types and improving their gym material. Operational benefitsAs Tullerg (2012) stated, the increase in companies that use some kind of 3 Ps, is perfectly seen in BS7 Gym. As a medium corporation they are give more attention in being sustainable. With the charitable contribution they are improving their brand image and ,by showing their members that they are a sustainable corporation, they can increase their membership sales. Concentrating on both internal and external asp ects of social sustainability (Pullman et al, 2009), will influence both the employees and the local community to be more socially sustainable.One interviewee said that he was influenced by other employees commitment to being sustainable. Although BS7 Gym is very attentive to the social aspect of TBL they lack attention on the environmental aspect. The high level of light and water consumption shows that the higher levels of the organisational pyramid are not taking into consideration their environmental side of TBL and if they could implement timer on lights and water taps in order to reduce costs and improve the financial performance. ConclusionAs sustainability becomes a bigger issue nowadays, BS7 Gym although being a small to medium company with very simple business processes, it is possible to say that they have a sustainable approach towards their activities and that they embrace Triple Bottom Line in depth. Their sustainable approach has shown to improve their performance an d how they are seen by the local community and their members. Their social and environmental accountability and responsibility communicate them to economic growth although some adjustments and improvements can be done.Triple Bottom LineTRIPLE BOTTOM LINE The triple bottom line refers to an extension of the criteria used to measure organisational success. Traditionally, business success (or failure) is measured in terms of its economic performance. A business is considered to be successful if it has generated a sufficient financial return from its investments, financing activities and operating activities. The triple bottom line takes into account three criteria for assessing organisational performance 1. economic, 2. social 3. and Environmental.The financial or economic performance of an organisation is the easiest of the three criteria to measure accurately. Traditional accounting methods take into account the inflow and outflow of resources from the business, generally including cash and finances, assets, liabilities and other easily definable business resources. The economic criteria can then be used to determine how much an organisation generates in monetary value. It can also be used to determine the net worth of the business at a given point in time.The social performance of an organisation is somewhat more difficult to define and measure. The social criterion of the triple bottom line takes into account the impact that a business has on people within the business (employees) and people outside of the business (the community). A business applying the triple bottom line principles will act in a way that benefits the community and will ensure that people are not being exploited or endangered by the operation of the business.Social factors that should be considered include labour utilisation and wages, working conditions and contribution to community living standards. Environmental performance is concerned with a business total impact on the natural enviro nment. Triple bottom line organisations aim to improve the environment where feasible, or at the very least, reduce and limit their negative impact on the environment. Organisations need to look at more than just obvious environmental issues (like pollution) and should consider the total lifecycle impact of their products and services.Triple bottom line reporting is becoming more widespread amongst both large and small organisations. Triple bottom line reporting makes business decisions and actions more transparent and allows people to gain a thorough understanding of a business level of corporate social responsibility. The triple bottom line report also helps manager to assess and compare their performance across all three criteria against the business objectives and long term goals.

Hiv Film Reaction Paper Essay

The story unfolds to a freelance director of a accusative named Gil. He was tasked to document e realthing that covers human immunodeficiency virus. His subjects were Heidi a prostitute, Ivy a call center agent and Vanessa a gay. So determined to finish the documentary, Gil finds no time for his girlfriend. Most of his time was spent working on the documentary. He didnt have a hard time convincing the three to be his subjects since he tells them that they are a great help to those who needed to be informed about the disease. But as they go through shooting and editing, Heidi died, Ivy gave up and Vanessa got into trouble. Adel asked Gil why he is really so desperate to finish the documentary and why it seemed so important to him.Gil tries to keep the real reason that very hard moment. Until one day he was awakened to what Ivy has told him that she wants him to give voice to the victims of the disease consequently Gil ended up deciding to be just one of the subjects who would comple te the story. He appeared on cam revealing his audience that the documentary is about the story of the people who are trying to live despite having HIV and still sees hope. The story of Heidi, Ivy and Himself. The strong point of the film is really the screenplay which is in time and has an impact. The playacting was established well since the actors suit to each of the character they portrayed. Also, it has a sound cinematography. The shots and angles are just good enough to be able to leave a good impression to the audience. Seeing the film, every component part is very good which leaves its audience a very positive reaction.

Australian poems Essay

The First Australians is a song expressing Troy Hopkins disgust towards pureness settlers because of how they claimed Australia and labeled the natives Aboriginal. He claimed it an invasion, not a settlement and he says that the natives were the first stars thither so they shouldnt call them aboriginal. Hopkins then tells how the white settlers spilt the natives blood on sacred ground and they get rewarded for it. Hopkins speaks of Lex Wotton who is an aboriginal man who helps other aboriginals in places that they struggle such as court, because the juries argon white australians.Lex Wotton eventually went to prison and is nowadays an inspiration to Hopkins. The author then goes on to colloquy close an aboriginal by the name of Richard Saunders, who was an aboriginal who died in prison due to poor treatment, Hopkins explains how no Blacks ar taken care of in prison because they are expendable. Hopkins says that he has seen a convention, which is that aboriginal people are p ersecuted worse than white Australians and even half-cast aboriginals.Hopkins duologue about how his daughter is a half-cast aboriginal and she desires to have true black skin like her father, but he tells her that she doesnt want that because to him it is a curse. Hopkins believes that to the aborigines, Australia is a dictatorship, not a democracy. The author thanks the SBS channel for sharing the aboriginals beliefs and that its unploughed them hopeful that some white Australians believe the same. Hopkins ends with a powerful line which reads Aboriginal is abbreviated, it means abolish Original. We are The First Australians here they are convicts, which are criminals.GAGADJU WAYS By Bill Neidjie In the rime Gagadju Ways, the poet Bill Neidjie talks about the old, traditional Aboriginal way of manner and how the old practices are slowly vanishing due to colonization. the poem is written in a peculiar way, a simple to date grasping format which puts across the views in a stra ight forward fashion. the poet first reminices that when he was increment up, he had good people around him. He says that the people now are a part wicked. due to colonization he met have met some foreign people living in his knowledge country and yet not treating him nicely.there is a posibility that he misses the companionship of his throw people in front the outsider stepped in and began dominating him. They tried to made him feel like a str temper in his country. Nextly he tells us how the white man brought school and the Aboriginals began losing all their knowledge. It got in the way of their traditional rearing and acted as a binding on them. the white mans education brought them no good. the poet talks on the behalf of all other native people and says that they never dam come alongd the domain. when he burns grass, current grass comes up and it leads to new life.More animals come in that area after this burning. The natives people camped at different places during dif ferent seasons but the white man doesnt understand this. The natives insure after the earth, they do not spoil it. But once again we see that the invader is unavailing to understand the relationship between the natives and the nature. The white man wants to exploit the land in the country to strain headway money from it. But the poet says that money is nothing to them, they are not crazy for money as the white man is. The natives need the earth to live because when they die, theyll become earth. The earth is their contract and their brother.That is why they ask the invaders to earmark their sacred land alone. They cannot bear their land been taken away from them because they are given birth by the earth and when they die, their ashes are going to be a part of the earth too. This poem shows us how honey the earth is to the Aboriginals. OKAY, LETS BE HONEST By Robert Walker Robert Walkers poem Okay, Lets be Honest is a heart wrenching poem about the wo(e) of an Aboriginal boy. He tells us honestly that he is no saint, he wasnt born in heaven. He is called a bastard, animal and trouble maker by many. He admits that he has been mean and hateful.Since the age of eleven he had been in and out of jail. He confesses that he has been dangerous and commited crimes. Then he abruptly tells us that he has always cursed his skin which is neither black nor white, just another non-identity, engagement to be Mr Tops. The accusers who have called him an animal were the silent audience when his brothers were getting smashed. His memory is still wet with his mothers tears and by his fathers grave. His family was one among the many black families who were alona and lost in the race for money. He was made aware of his differences in good order from a very young age.His pains amend him to either fight or lose. He was discriminated and exploited as a stranger in his own land. The scars on his brain can never be erased now and they keep him reminding how the others abused their sacred land. He is frustrated with the white mans way of life and resists to live like him. Full of anger and complaints, he asks the white man that why is he made to live like a striver and earn the things which were once free. He refuses to be pushed aside and tramped on. He will not close his look to the sufferings of his people. He can no more pretend to not know what the white people are doing to his people.He shouts out in rage and says Why do I have to close my eyes, and make believe I cannot see just what you are doing to my people- OUR PEOPLE- and me? He is not one side at all and wants the other to came and experience the lonliness and confusion he feels within the seven by eleven stall of the prison. He again repeats that he is no saint but then surely he wasnt born in heaven. This is a very strong and evocative poem that depicts the anger in the minds of the blacks in Australia. FROM THE ENGLISH QUEEN By Henry Lawson The poet addresses the English Queen as an ord inary woman. She is kept in a palace and people worship her.The poet boldly says that those people must be blind to call that dull old woman the Queen. The reason for the poet to be so openly rude about the Queen is that she has reigned for so many years but has scarcely done a kind form of address to anyone alive. It is said in scorn that the poor sre starved the same day she was born. The poet complains that yet she is praised and worshipped for be nothing more than an ordinary woman. Henry Lawson goes to the extent of profession her a cold and selfish woman because he sees no point in praising her for she has never brought happiness to anyone.The Queen might be great for many but for the poet she is just a cold hearted woman who usurped his land and has no benevolence for the people. then a Queen who makes people suffers is no fit Queen in the eyes of the poet. nought CALLS ME A WOG ANYMORE By Komninos Zervos The poet begins with the poem stating that nobody calls him a wog anymore. He is respected as an Australian, an Australian writer, poet. But this respect didnt come on its own for the poet had to fight for it. He assert himself as an Australian and as an artist. He stood up and screamed and fought for his identity.He teels Australia that it likes it or not but the poet is one of it. He saya his first name Komninos is rather unusual but now Australia is stuck with it and cannot do anything about it now. He tells Australia that they both need eachother. He concludes the poem by saying that he likes ustralia now because it has stopped calling him a wog and calls him the Australian poet, Komninos . This is a weird yet fun poem which shows us how the poet rightfully asserts his right on Australia and merges to become a part of it. WHO ARE WE? By Richard G Kennedy.Richard G Kennedy opens the poem with a question that asks where an aboriginal can truly be free in Australia, and how everything changed when the Europeans settled in Australia. The life be fore the white settlers was Idyllic and that they had a Oneness with nature and that they can never have that back. Kennedy explains how aboriginals now live in poverty and resort to crime to get through each day. The author tells how this is injure and that nature is pained by the loss of the true aboriginal race. The aboriginals have no identity and are not heard amongst the white Australians.The punishment for white Australians is that the Vengeful Spirit will awake and the earth will be cleansed of the white race. Kennedy says its destiny and that theres no going back. Thus through these poems we see how varied in culture and history Australia is. The different aspects of the country make it uncommon and the love of its people make Australia their home inspite of many problems. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. TWO CENTURIES OF AUSTRALIAN POETRY EDITED BY MARK OCONNOR. (Oxford University Press, 1988). 2. THE GOLDEN TREASURY OF AUSTRALIAN VERSE (1918). 3. INTERNET.

Elements of Business Research

Big things come in small packages which work the same for subscriber line query papers. What makes a good paper does not necessarily have to be an overwhelmingly exemplary presentation. Logically, what catches the attending of the reader to keep on reading such is the value of its contents, most especially, the credibility of the seek. No field of operations field how wonderful the presentation of the data may seem to be, but the content has been poorly resourced out, the overall secular is of no use in the end.Therefore, it is clear that the type of research conducted should be appropriate to the subject in discussion, wherein the data is able to be best mensural and consequently, the conclusion of the research is rational and plausible. Moving forward, the mixed types of research design will be detailed further to elaborate each of the types advantages and disadvantages. There argon three (3) types of research design being utilized in different force fields of test Fiel d Study, Field Experiment and Survey.Field Study is where the researcher visits a site, observes and asks questions, but does not alter anything. It is homogeneous to a naturalist observing wildlife without doing anything and maintaining the balance of the habitat (Borgatti, 1997). What makes this method very reliable is that there is a relatively large amount of factual data from the natural surroundings. Moreover, the variables collected are retrieved simultaneously from the area in question, thus, the consistency of the samples are not highly affected. some other advantage of Field Studies is that the researcher tends to have less(prenominal) impact on the subject data, as compared to other purposes (McCarthy, 1998), thereby arriving to a stronger conclusion, all derived from the variables natural state. It should in addition be noted however, that the drawback of not having to manipulate the variables on hand may also mean the unfitness to infer causality amongst the variable s (McCarthy, 1998). This is due to the fact that field studies normally deduce conclusions from simply what is given by the environment less thought-processing therefore is involved in terms of creating hypothesis remarks.The second type, Field Experiment, is where the subject is observed in a natural setting rather than in a contrived laboratory environment. However, like natural experiments, field experiments suffer from the possibility of contamination that may affect the experimental conditions in question. There is less control on the side of the researcher and the difficulty of penetrating a business or industrial setting for this purpose may also pose as a job (McCarthy, 1998).Finally, the third scheme, Survey method of gathering information by determining a set of pre-formulated questions in a structured questionnaire to a select group of individuals drawn to represent a defined universe of discourse (Borgatti, 1997). What makes studies drawn through surveys reliable is because results of surveys often yield new hypotheses from the answers garnered (McCarthy, 1998). In addition, surveys have the flexibility to be in various forms questionnaire, interviews, observations, etc.It should be considered however when making conclusions, that survey results may not entirely devise high return rates thus, threatening the representation of responses, resulting to biases. Understanding the types of research design is not consummate without being able to interpret your gathered data qualitatively and quantitatively. Depending on the need of the subject matter, it is full of life that the data is analyzed and measured accordingly. Four (4) types of mensuration scales pot be use to aid wholenesss business research in making them more compelling, and they are as follows (a) nominal (b) no. (c) interval and (d) ratio.Nominal scale, the lowest level of criterion, involves either verbal or numerical labels for any given kinfolk (Gavin, 1996). Variables he re are placed within a mutually exclusive and exhaustive category, such as male or female categories denoting sex or gender as the nominal scale (Sable Tutorial, 1999). Another archetype can be the numbers of the baseball players found at the back of their jerseys. The numbers in this example are used to identify the players and one will notice that no 2 players are alike. Each variable (number per player) is different and can only be delegate to one person. ordinal number scale is alike to that of nominal scales but differ as the former has the property of order or ranking (Gavin, 1996). Ordinal scales, however, does not denote any size or quantity of the variable as it merely permits the miscellany of categories be identified a presbyopicside with the hierarchy of interests and its frequency. The ordinal scale is a much stronger form of measurement than the nominal scale because the variables are ordered, ranked and can be subjected to non-parametric tests as the results will be more sensible (Gavin, 1996).An example of ordinal scale is the winning set of players in a marathon farinaceous the 1st -, 2nd and 3rd-placers. There is indeed a ranking but the scale does not deliver the goods information about the absolute differences mingled with 1st and 2nd or amidst 2nd and 3rd. We can also take as an example of ordinal scales the rankings of four restaurants in study. They can be assigned with numbers that will represent the scale being the most-liked up to the least-liked numerical ranking (Gavin, 1996).The consistency should be maintained as to which number represents a certain definition so as to keep the ordinal scale in place. Next is the third measurement scale, Interval scale. Interval scales provide us with gloss over more quantitative data. In an interval scale, variables are measured against a plane where the distance between numbers or units is equal over all levels of the scale (Sable Tutorial, 1999). To cite an example, the Fahrenheit s cale of measurement in a thermometer shows that the distance between 10 degrees and 30 degrees is the same as the distance between 50 degrees and 70 degrees.The year dates in most calendars can also be assigned and measured against an interval scale. Note that in this particular scale of measurement, there is no fixed zero that bureau a zero quantity of the aspect of interest. Finally, the most powerful form of measurement scale is the balance scale. Ratio scale differs only from the interval scale given the formers true zero point. The zero point allows further more interpretations and more valid assumptions and conclusions.Time is a very certain example of ratio scale as not only can we say the difference between two hours and ten hours, but we can also say that ten hours is five times as long as two hours ratio in comparison (Sable Tutorial, 1999). Other social variables of ratio measure accept age, length of residence in a given place and in a particular occlusive of time. These measurement scales are chronologically arranged from the least to the most powerful form. In the end disregarding of which scale is used it is crucial that the instrument should be practical, valid and reliable (Gavin, 1996). research methods are basically used to avoid or at least lessen biases. A multidisciplinary team approach is best in conducting research work, armed with proper research techniques and valid statistical method of scales will equate to a non-refutable conclusion. At the end of the day, one should be smart enough to acknowledge the fact that whatever scheme of research or measurement is chosen, nothing will replace ones sound feeling and keen consideration of underlying assumptions in ones data analysis. References McCarthy, P. (1998). Steps in the research process. Retrieved on July 18, 2007 from www.mtsu. edu/ Sable Tutorial. (1999). Measurement scales in social science research. Retrieved on July 18, 2007 from Virginia Tech in www. simon. cs. vt. edu Borgatti, S. (1997). Research glossary. Retrieved on July 18, 2007 from www. analytictech. com Gavin, T. (1996). Research forum-methodology-measurements, Part 1 Principles & theory. Retrieved on July